Whatever Happens Happens for the Best

Whatever Happens, Happens for the Best Once upon a time there was an old man called Bob, who lived alone in a village. He would go about his business alone, even in his old age. He was a nice, friendly man who was liked by all the people in the village. Bob had only one son and he moved to a school far away from the village. Many people in the village always felt sorry for Bob, they knew he must be lonely. The villagers would always ask Bob if his son would ever return. To all of them, Bob would always say, â€Å"Whatever happens, happens for the good. One day, the old man’s son returned to the village. The entire village was very happy for Bob, and a lot of villagers came over to congratulate him. Like always, the old man was polite. He thanked all of them for coming over and said, â€Å"Whatever happens, happens for the good. † A few days had passed, when one day, Bob’s son fell off a horse’s back and broke his leg. Once again the entire village came ov er to Bob’s house to visit his son. And once again the old man thanked them for their care and said, â€Å"Whatever happens, happens for the good. Some of the villagers were surprised to hear this and wondered what good could there possibly be in a broken leg. A few days later, a small army of the local king came to the village and made all the young healthy men join the army. When they came to Bob’s house they found his son with a broken leg. So they left him behind. Once again, all the villagers came to the old man’s house to congratulate him for his good luck. And like always, the old man thanked them for their care and said, â€Å"Whatever happens, happens for the good.

Boston Beer Company Essay

Address the following questions in a 4-5 page write-up of the Boston Beer Company Case to explore the issue of Initial Public Offerings. 1) What do you think of Boston Beer’s business model relative to the traditional beer companies’ business model? Relative to Redhook and Pete’s? (Hint: consider their brewing, production, distribution, marketing strategies. How is each firm attempting to achieve its own sustainable comparative advantage in the market place? ) 2) Evaluate Boston Beer’s performance relative to its peers (Compare BBC’s ratios to the ratios of its peers in exhibit 4). (Hint: how do differences in operating strategies translate into differences in financial ratios? Are there any downside risks to BBC’s contract brewing strategy? ) 3) What is your assessment of the intrinsic value of Boston Beer’s stock at the time of the case? What should be its IPO price? (Some hints below: First, you should look at the P/E multiples for Pete’s and Redhook around the IPO time for BBC. You should also look at the average amount the price seems to jump on the day of the IPO, and the EPS of BBC for 1994 and 1995. From this, you should figure out what the implied price per share for BBC should be in this market environment. Second, you should try to justify this price per share by doing FCF analysis. Create a ten year pro-forma spreadsheet, projecting out barrels of beer each year, revenue per barrel, revenue, costs, taxes, etc. Calculate net income, then subtract out net investments and add back depreciation to obtain FCF each year. Don’t forget to calculate terminal value at the end of 10 years. Use a 4% growth rate after year 10. Calculate the cost of equity and then discount the free cash flows by this discount rate. Calculate the Present Value of these FCFs plus the present value of the terminal value. To find the implied price, divide this present value by the new # shares outstanding, 19. 182mm. To determine the new market value of the firm, multiply the implied price by total number of shares outstanding. Are your assumptions about growth in unit sales realistc or over-optimistic? Using REALISTIC growth assumptions, what price per share do you get?). 4) Do you think the total market value of Redhook, Pete’s and Boston Beer (at your proposed IPO price) makes sense, given the total size and profitability of the beer industry, and the craft-brewing segment? What profitability and growth assumptions are necessary to justify the total market value of these three craft brewers? (Hint: First determine the total market value of these three companies. Then figure out what the average after tax operating profit margin is for these three companies. Figure out what the value of these three companies would be if their after tax earnings continued forever, but did not grow at all. Then take the difference between their total Market Value and this (no growth) perpetuity value. This difference reflects the market value due to GROWTH. Try to figure out what growth rate in revenues is implied here by projecting total revenues for 10 years, and finding the after tax earnings for 10 years, and then discounting the after tax earnings at the cost of equity. Don’t forget to calculate the terminal value (grow earnings at 4% after year 10.). 5) In late December 1995, sell-side analysts were forecasting long-term growth of 25-40% for the craft-brewing segment. How achievable are these growth targets? What factors are likely to influence analysts’ growth forecasts? (Hint: Is the implied growth rate in revenues found in (4) realistic? What would you consider a realistic growth rate for the craft brewing industry? At this growth rate, what would be the implied market value of these three firms? What do you predict will happen to the market prices of each of these three firms in the short to medium term? ).

Earthquakes on the Chamman and Chiltan Fault Lines in Quetta Pakistan Research Paper

Earthquakes on the Chamman and Chiltan Fault Lines in Quetta Pakistan Specifically in 1935 - Research Paper Example Although there are still several catalogs of earthquakes that exist, the early events were in particular due to some errors, location biasness and incompleteness. Using original sources, it has been confirmed that more than a thousand earthquakes were macro-seismic locations and have assigned the MS magnitudes to the earthquakes since 1892. There have been 34 important earthquakes recorded in this reason of which one of the most significant one took place on 31st May 1935 (Erduran‎ et al., 2012). This earthquake took place at 3am in the middle of the night. It was known as the deadliest earthquake in South Asia. This was the most seismic region of Pakistan at the top of the Chamman and Chiltan fault lines. The earthquake lasted for three minutes but had several immense aftershocks. The tremors of the earthquake were felt a long distance away and the destruction was caused in all the towns near Quetta, the main city, including the city itself. The earthquake had killed 30,000 to 60,000 people in the region. The aftershocks, however, did not cause much damage in Quetta but in the surrounding regions. The scientists have found out the main causes of the earthquakes in Baluchistan from 1892 to 2001 and have analyzed the issues as a wide topic. Most of the research was based on the 1935 earthquake as it is marked as a few of the deadliest ones in the 20th century. The significance of this topic in the lives of the Pakistanis and Asians can be seen through various consequences and analyses made by the scientists. To develop the topic and introduce the issues, it is important to see what type of an earthquake it was actually. The earthquake was, as recorded in the new instruments, 7.7 MW while the previous instruments had recorded 8.1 MW which was a wrongly calculated amount. The epicenter of the earthquake was recorded to be 4.0 km from Ali Jaan, a town in Quetta. The focal depth of the earthquake was 17kms ?(Ambraseys & Bilham, 2003). ? According to the scientists these earthquakes took place in Baluchistan because of the fault lines in the region. It happened due to the two blocks of earth suddenly colliding past one another. The earthquake of 1935 is recorded to have no foreshocks which are the movements felt before the earthquake happened. Records show that there were no such claims. However, it is true that scientists cannot tell whether it is a foreshock before the main earthquake happens, but after the earthquake occurred in 1935, it was held that there were no foreshocks experienced. Even though there were no foreshocks, the earthquake had some unusual events recorded prior to the earthquake. It is true that scientists have not yet found a way in which the earthquakes can be predicted, yet they can analyze how and when they are most likely to occur in future. Quetta is said to be hit by the 1935 quake again in the near future however, the time can never be accurately told. The unusual events that scientists recorded before the earthquake were unusual bright lights, flashes of lights in the mountains, landslides, dust clouds and rock falls. Unusual event s seem to be unjustified even after many years of research as the scientists say that earthquakes have very less to do with the weather changes. They cannot be predicted by any machines or instruments. They shake the earth’s surface because of the collision of faults. The Quetta earthquake was also a sudden event where hundreds of people were buried under the rubble because it was 3am in the morning and most of them were not awake to assess the emergency. The significance and further details of the earthquake are discussed later. However, this earthquake holds immense significance as it

Amending the U.S. Constitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Amending the U.S. Constitution - Essay Example Second, by integrating the Balanced Budget Amendment in our Constitution, it becomes an imperative for politicians to follow. Without this policy, politicians will be left squandering our national budget and leave us in deficit again. Experience taught us that our politicians does not have the fiscal discipline and cannot make hard choices to arrest our deficit. While Balanced Budget Amendment has its advantages, it has its drawbacks also. The most obvious would be the lack of flexibility in allocating budget since expense has already a ceiling on what we make as a country. Second, it is prohibitive towards loans that create value in the future. For example, high cost infrastructure such as roads and schools are often loaned due to its huge budget requirement with the expectation that better infrastructure will benefit us in the future. Discouraging loans which is inherent in the Balanced Budget Amendment will deprive us of making long term investments through loan. Of all the popular Amendments, Balanced Budget Amendment is the one that will most likely pass the ratification process because lawmakers realize that it is now time to clip our deficits which Balanced Budget Amendment could

Contraception Mandate in ACA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Contraception Mandate in ACA - Essay Example The policy takes the form of strict guidelines to be observed in relation to the preventive health services that are to be covered mandatorily in the health insurance schemes, while providing the fines for those who fail to adhere to the policy (Friedman, 2014). The major conflict in this policy issue is that; there is a possibility of unending court battles between the federal government and the faith based institutions, which will not relent on their fight against the requirement to cover for the contraceptive and unintended pregnancy prevention or termination costs (Bassett, 2013). Further, there is a possibility of the rise of conflict between the federal government and other employers, who may not easily agree to cover the expenses that some employers, such as the faith-based institutions, are exempted (Tate, 2012). The structures and strategies I seek to explore is how a truce can be reached between the federal government and the employers, to ensure that all the employees are equally covered for all preventive health risks, while also ensuring that the faith-based doctrines and the religious principles held by different religions are not violated. Thus, the study will seek to establish what structures can be applied towards ensuring that the law stipulated is observed, while that the institutions that seek to be exempted are exempted. The personal interest in his issue emanates from the fact that I fall in both the employee category so would want to be afforded the equal health services, while still being a faith-based individual, and thus would like to see the religious principles remain un-violated. Bassett, L. (April 5, 2013). Contraception Mandate Likely Headed To Supreme Court, Experts Say. The Huffington Post.

A Comparative Analysis of the Movie 300 and Herodotuss The Persian Essay

A Comparative Analysis of the Movie 300 and Herodotuss The Persian Wars - Essay Example However, the movie committed major deviations from Herodotus’s historical accounts of the Persian Wars. This paper attempts to discuss the differences between the film 300 and Herodotus’s account of the last stand at Thermopylae in terms of military tactics, naval engagements, and religion. In the movie, the King of Sparta, Leonidas, and his best soldiers confront Xerxes’s enormous army at the northern Greece’s narrow pass and courageously restrain the Persians. And the age-old motivating importance of sacrifice has been preserved. Hence, for people who think that the merit of a film is established firmly by its episodes, and that the value of its rhythm, visuals, acting, screenplay, and historical accuracy are merely icing in the cake, the 300 will be worth a watch. However, for people who think that rhythm, visuals, acting, screenplay, and historical accuracy represent the true success of film, that a setting is merely the objective, and that the objecti ve should never be confused with the action, the 300 is a quite worthless film. Military Tactics In the film 300 Leonidas is depicted as planning to carry his 300 elite soldiers to Thermopylae to crush the Persian army and stand up for freedom. Leaving behind the unsophisticated principle of justice, rationality, and freedom—the Spartans, similar to other Greeks, had a history of trying to subjugate if not really colonize other populations when it served their goals—it is nonsensical to propose that an exceptional Spartan commander like Leonidas would think that his elite army of 300 could spoil the ambitious goal of tens of thousands of Persian soldiers. The enthusiasm of Leonidas is not convincing or believable. The real last stand of the 300 as a hold-back strategy is historical and plausible. Some of the depictions of the military strategy are historically inaccurate. For instance, the filmmakers chose to reduce the Spartan body armors to their symbolic and basic a spects: weapons, shields, cloak, and headdress. The outcome is superhuman images, hoplites stripped of body armors. Any Greek fighter would refuse to go to war without some kind of upper body shield. There are other historical inaccuracies. Ephialtes, the Greek who double-crossed the Greek army, is shown as a badly misshapen Spartan recluse whose betrayal stems from the refusal of Leonidas to permit him to take part in the battle. Gorgo, the wife of Leonidas, who was trivially mentioned in the historical accounts, is granted with a very important role. The domestic political schemes in Sparta are entirely fictional. The route at Thermopylae is depicted as an extremely constricted crevice between upright rock faces. The Greek forces are depicted advancing south of Sparta but Thermopylae is located at the northern part of Sparta. Illusory creatures appear every now and then, like the giant elephants and rhinoceros, at the battle. These are imaginary additions. The documentary The Last Stand of the 300 accurately describes the military strategies at Thermopylae. Most of the descriptions are in line with Herodotus’s accounts. The Greek army positioned themselves in a phalanx, a fortification of encrusted spearpoints and

Health Care in United States Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Health Care in United States - Term Paper Example United States of America and Italy are two very different countries; the major differences are in culture of the people living in these countries. There are major differences in how doctors in these countries deal with pain management. The process of child birth is the most beautiful process and thoroughly enjoyed and cherished for the parents. Every precious thing comes at a hefty price, the hefty price is the pain suffered by the mother in this whole process. The mother undergoes the experience of tremendous pain in this whole process of giving birth. This paper is going to examine the methods adopted by the doctors to handle the pain which is suffered during the whole process. These methods will be examined as they are carried out in two countries namely, methods in Italy and methods in United States of America. "Peridural anesthesia is an effective technique for providing analgesia during labor and delivery. The fact that it is not at all widely used in Italy can be ascribed to the lack of technical knowledge among health-care providers and the lack of information available to pregnant women." (Epidural Analgesia, 29 November 2008). Peridural anesthesia's main function is to reduce the pain which occurs during childbirth, in order to perform surgeries the doctors inject Peridural anesthesia in the spinal column with the help of a needle or a tube in a patient. The same reduces the pain significantly and it is used in many countries. "Epidural anesthesia is an attractive alternative to general anesthesia for a person who has medical complications that might make it difficult to tolerate or recover from general anesthesia." (Epidural Anesthesia) Italy is an exceptional country and does not follow the technique of regional anesthesia during childbirth and the method is almost obscure in the southern parts of the country. Most of the surgeons in Italy consider general option over regional anesthesia, they firmly believe in the notion that general anesthesia is relatively much safer than regional anesthesia. It is believed by many surgeons in Italy who handle the case of childbirth that the use epidural anesthesia gives rise to neurological complications. This perception of the surgeons in Italy is challenged by many, "According to Koll (1) out of 1541 reports of injury following anesthesia, more than half of the 227 cases of neurological damage were related to general anesthesia. In another survey conducted by INSERM (France), 19 accidents (6 of which were fatal) were reported, accounting for 0.43% of 4430 administrations of spinal anesthesia. In this last survey approximately 70% of the patients were elderly and therefore, pr esented a higher risk of complications. A survey in our hospital reveals 2 non-fatal accidents related to 6690 administrations of spinal anesthesia. Therefore, the rate of complications for spinal anesthesia in our hospital is 0.02%. These data show that the number of serious complications related to spinal techniques is not higher than that of general anesthesia." (Epidural Analgesia). There are various risks involved in the use of Peridural anesthesia, when anesthesia is used on a patient who has never been examined before, the anesthetic risk in that particular case rises to alarming high levels on the contrary it is found that the

Travel and Tourism Environment in Brazil Case Study

Travel and Tourism Environment in Brazil - Case Study Example During the 18th and 19th centuries, it became the commercial center for the rich sugar and cotton region along the zona da Mata west of Arcanum. Out at the Engenho Boa Sorte, two km from town along the river, is the baroque Igreja de Camandaroba, the second building that the Jesuits constructed back in 1731.Aracaju just may be the Cleveland of the Northeast. The city has little to offer the visitor-there is no colonial inheritance-and it is visually quite unattractive. Even beaches are below the prevailing high standard of the Brazilian Northeast. the Permanent Secretary relates to the activities and developments which have taken place in the period between the XVI Inter-American Travel Congress, which was held in Panama on November 25-28, 1991, and the XVII Congress. In this regard, it includes a summary report on the implementation of the resolutions of the XVI Congress, the activities of the Permanent Executive Committee (PEC), and developments relating to the General Secretariat's involvement in tourism related projects and activities. THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATED TOURISM ITINERARIES,ECOTOURISM,THE ENVIRONMENT AND TOURISM,SHORT-TERM TRAINING IN ECOTOURISM FOR THE HOTEL AND TOURISM INDUSTRY,THE ECONOMIC BENEFITS FROM TOURISM,ATTRACTING ADDITIONAL SOURCES OF CONCESSIONARY CREDIT FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT,CRUISE TOURISM,FINANCING FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS 2. Roles of government, private and international organizations in developing tourism (how the government is hThe Brazilian study is the first attempt to identify those national organizations that are Making grants for public benefit in Brazil. It provides many valuable insights into the origins and nature of these organizations and their capacity to mobilize and distribute resources and Suggests ways to increase their role and impact. The findings are based on a universe of 31Grant making foundations.elping, example: foreigner policies, duty free, taxation, relaxing policies for tourists).The study shows that over three quarters of all foundations operate their own programs in Addition to giving grants. One striking feature of the Brazilian context is that these programs Are frequently operated in partnership with other nonprofits, government programs, Community associations or corporations. Through such partnerships, which take many forms and also include donations, foundations test pilot programs, replicate successful initiative sand transfer business skills. It is significant that education is given a high priority by Brazilian foundations, constituting a Programmatic priority for 81% of foundations.5 the author suggests that this is largely because education is a popular cause with the public, represents a low risk and fits national Priorities, making it possible to leverage government resources. The Brazilian study shows that corporate grant makers are playing a key role in the creation ofa new professional culture of grant making and have introduced concepts and practices from The business sector into the management of their organizations. Program designed for staff member of Brazil's congress to observe education initiatives in the

Blog Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Blog - Essay Example There are still many people who are white supremacists and are racist against people of all different nationalities. Whether it be a group of African Americans, Asians, Pacific Islanders, Arabs, or Native Americans, people still racially oppress these groups. It is a system of hierarchy and allows for white people who primarily came from Europe into the American mixing pot to claim what they thought was theirs, no matter who they had to take from. Many whites still express racism in many different forms. Individuals may have no reason to hate or be prejudice against others but based on stereotypes that they have heard in the media, it is still present. The only thing that the arrogant white people have against these individuals is the color of their skin. Though many whites this far into the future may have ties to other cultures by having an American Indian great-great-grandparent or an ancestor of a different race. The whites turn a blind eye. It is evident in songs, films, text and even in sporting teams. White people do not always take into consideration that the fact that their team might be the Atlanta Braves could be offensive to the American Indian cultures. It is common for people in power to have a sense of oppression. There have been instances of individual violence and economic power. It creates an unequal distribution of power. For example, Barack Obama was the first black President and for many there have been situations where they have acted out and been prejudiced toward black people just because a person of their race has a place in power. But why has there not been a President that is a Native American? The Native Americans are given a different type of rights. Many still live together in order to share their heritage on reserves. Other Native Americans may feel that they are not good enough. They may not teach their children the stories of their past or instill their cultural beliefs. The generations may

Explain the impacts of the decision in Williams v Roffey Bros & Essay

Explain the impacts of the decision in Williams v Roffey Bros & Nicholls (Contractors) Ltd. 1991 1 QB on the doctrine of consideration - Essay Example In order to critically asses the requirement of the proposition at hand, i.e. the impact of the case Roffey Bros & Nicholls (Contractors) Ltd. 1991 1 QB vs.Williams, we must first establish the premises of consideration under which this case fell, and then the outcome, and subsequently the impact of this case on the entire doctrine of consideration. The case was applied under the existing contractual duty that the promise owes to the promisor. In the latter case, half the crew of a ship had deserted it, and the other half had been promised extra money to carry on working till the ship reached its final destination, Bombay. Unlike the decision in Stilk v Myrick however, in this case the Court of Appeal had held that there was consideration in this case, mainly because the crew was so small that the remaining journey was more dangerous than when the contract had been formulated. The case of Williams v Roffey however, had an impact on consideration that was in some essence, groundbreaking. Before assessing this impact however, the facts of the case must be established and analyzed. Roffey was a building firm that had a contract to refurbish a block of flats, and had sub contracted the carpentry work to Williams, who had accepted the offer in return for  £20,000. Williams was however having financial problems and it became significantly obvious that he would not be able to finish the work on the due date. Roffey’s contract with the owners of the flat included a penalty clause in it, which effectively stated that if the work was not finished on the specified date then the contract would be terminated and Roffey would not be entitled to payment. In other words, it would lose out. Roffey thus approached Williams with an extra  £10,300 (and had already agreed that the original price had been far too low). It should be kept in mind, that this new agreem ent had also included new working agreements

Theory and Research in Contemporary Consumer Behaviour Essay Example for Free

Theory and Research in Contemporary Consumer Behaviour Essay Abstract Over the past century, each new generation has entered a new consumer world where the forms and avenues for consumption have multiplied exponentially. The twenty first century saw rapid and dramatic changes in the realms of private and public life that became subject to commodification and marketing. Although the culture of consumption has been written about extensively, the breadth and complexity of consumption within contemporary industrialized societies has not yet seen much attention, particularly among anthropologists. In looking at the consumer lives of Hip Hop subculture, this work aims not only to explore and illustrate the ways in which contemporary commodity consumption is internally differentiated, but also to highlight â€Å"an aspect of contemporary consumption that often has been overlooked: its role as a medium through which social inequalities—most notably of race, class, and gender—are formed, experienced, imposed, and resisted† (Carrier and Heyman 30). Introduction Chicago sociologists of the 1930s began to study subcultural groups in the USA as if they were studying the indigenous tribes of isolated islands. This became known as streetcorner sociology as it studied the deviant subcultures of America (Downes and Rock, 36). Ethnography is an approach to research that is often associated with cultural anthropology. This study has often been conducted over a long period of time so that researchers can gain a truly insider perspective. Management and marketing researchers have also adapted ethnographic approaches to use in shorter periods of research. Ethnographic principles have been used to study consumers and consumption in order to better understand the effects and implications of strategic marketing management actions (Clarke 1999). For example, Elliott and Jankel-Elliott (2002) have used ethnography in strategic consumer research for many global brands, while Morris (1999) studied the culture of the British pub. Ritson and Elliott (1999) used ethnographic principles to research the social uses of advertising among UK adolescent advertising audiences. Belk (1995) explored the subculture of hip-hop music. He was particularly interested in the clothes associated with hip-pop and how manufacturers gained access to the group. In management and marketing research, the applied tradition of ethnography is often reflected in the problem-focused nature of much research. Ethnography is used as a tool to help in the design of management interventions and processes. Social and cultural life is created by people through symbolic interaction. Focus on local shared meanings and the reproduction of cultural norms. This research study into a hip-hop consumption practice began with a thorough investigation of secondary sources. The research then progressed to a first-hand engagement with the contexts of consumption. In an attempt to convey something of the meanings, motivations and experiential understanding of hip-hop consumer behaviour, the research creates an imaginative representation of the social life in question. This research study involves, first, gaining as much insider knowledge as possible about the subject in question. The pervasive theme of this work is that the consumer sphere, by its very nature, is a medium for social inequality. The next section lays the groundwork for understanding the particular complexities of hip-hop consumer engagement. The following analytical section locates the hip-hop consumer experience, looks at contemporary media depictions of hip-hop youth as out of control and dangerous â€Å"combat consumers.† This analysis insists that any understanding of hip-hop consumption must be understood in its specific cultural, historical, and political context, one that engages with centuries-old incidents like slavery, as well as symbolic representations of hip-hop consumer in the contemporary consumer world. Discussion In the post-modern world of consuming passions (Huffman 25) there are a number of dynamics that are rightly the concern of cultural criminology. First there is the process of the commodification of everyday life, including crime and violence. Second there is the absolute necessity for the legal or illegal consumption of commodities for the reproduction of both the economic system and our social selves. Commodities themselves appear, as Marx (1977:435) commented, a very trivial thing and easily understood†¦it is in reality a very queer thing, abounding in metaphysical subtleties and theological niceties. However the relationship between the production and commodification process, and the distribution and consumption process, takes on a supreme significance in late modernity. In a culture in which the supreme goal is to have†¦and to have more and more†¦and in which one can speak of someone as being worth a million dollars, how can there be an alternative between having and being? On the contrary, it would seem that the very essence of being is having; that if one has nothing, one is nothing (Fromm 3). It is worth quoting Erich Fromm further on contemporary capitalism as he unravels the connections between violent acts, crime and consumption. It means: that I want everything for myself; that possessing, not sharing, gives me pleasure; that I must become greedy because if my aim is having, I am more the more I have; that I must feel antagonistic toward all others: my customers whom I want to deceive, my competitors whom I want to destroy, my workers whom I want to exploit. I can never be satisfied because there is no end to my wishes; I must be envious of those who have more and afraid of those who have less. But I have to repress all these feelings in order to represent myself as the smiling, rational, sincere, kind human being everybody pretends to be†¦ Greed and peace preclude each other (Fromm 8). Here individualism, greed, destruction, dishonesty, fear and violence are woven, through the processes of production and consumption, inevitably into all our everyday lives. Now crime, in the form of a commodity, enables us all to consume without cost as we enjoy the excitement, and the emotions of hate, rage and love that crime often contains. As everyday life becomes less and less interesting, so it also becomes less and less bearable and there is felt a general desire for daily excitement that becomes an essential ingredient in a consumer commodity culture (Clarke, 16). Excitement is now created for consumption in a multitude of manners such as bungee jumping, spectacular rides, ballooning, theme parks and carnivals, all aimed at the commodification of excitement. All these need to be bought at the market rate. The experience of excitement can also be attained by a large range of criminal activities. Bank fraud and theft, joyriding, manipulating the stock market, all contain the thrills and spills of edge-work. In a society that demands excitement and desire in order to keep the momentum of the marketplace, we can expect the problems associated with the quest for excitement to become both enduring and extensive. The general collective yearn is now for spectacle and experience as we become consumers of imagery. As such we have lost our capacity for astonishment, wonder and curiosity in a world that no longer moves us in an emotional way. There is a high fantasy factor within emotional life and existence that creates the need for immediate satisfaction which in turn becomes the driving force of violence. In this world the desire for excitement can, for some, only be satisfied through senseless acts of violence and destruction. In this way the images we consume become devoid of context and become infantile and immediate. As Schopenhauer points out, this outlook is like the childish delusion that books, like eggs, must be enjoyed when they are fresh (Schopenhauer, 1470). In this world based on sensations and emotions the individual is revered and nurtured. It is a Disney-like world based on the immediacy of and need for fun and pleasure. In everyday life and education in particular, there is an emphasis on morale rather than morality. Here institutions strive to achieve activity without pain. Learning must be fun; poverty must be fun; housework must be fun; and as in Clockwork Orange and even Wind in the Willows (where Toad steals a car and partakes in what must be the first literary joyride) violence, crime and disorder must be fun. The violence demonstrates the closeness that the stars of rap and hip-hop have with the community that they come from. They are in a sense still part of that struggle for both survival and the maintenance of whatever success they have achieved. It is a precarious position for all young people from these communities where nothingness waits just round the corner, where acceptance and success are transient and culturally ephemeral, disappearing as quickly as they arrive. Along with clubbing and rave, rap completes the criminalisation of youth styles and creative culture that ensures that the continuing carnivalisation of everyday life will remain the major experience of being young. There is here a strange tension between the rationality (organisation) demanded by production and consumption and the irrationality of senseless consumption needed to reproduce the cycle. As science and rational liberalism attempt to order everyday life and meaning-making, so irrationality is banished to the act of consumption, as irrational acts themselves become commodified, acting as a bridge to the displaced world of the upside down. It is part of the consuming of displays, displays of consuming, consuming of displays of consuming, consuming of signs and signs of consuming (Lefebvre, 108). The endless, senseless and irrational appears a necessary ingredient of contemporary life as we strive through consumption to push back the ordering of rationality and return once more to the comfort of anarchy, disorder and irrationality. Violence itself is not to do with a rational approach to life but is connected to the personal gratification gleaned from the excitement of the superiority of winning. The consumption of crime becomes a blissful state of non-responsibility, a sort of never-ending moral holiday where we can enjoy in private immoral acts and emotions. It is the political and economic realities of life outside of polite society that are reflected in rap as it analyses and celebrates the otherness of poverty and struggle. It celebrates the cultural answer to ascribed social position and economic survival, which includes the legal and illegal acquisition of wealth, the struggle not just for work but the struggle at work. It reflects oppression both through education and through policing and the struggle for respect in life. It not only emphasises suffering but is also a celebration of leisure time as the time free from the industrial processes of production. And it is in the street where others darent go that hip-hop and rap culture is lived and comes to life. The aim is to be street-wise, to survive with dignity and respect amongst your own, without selling out. In the roll-call of rap stars, their names and song titles reflect not only their clashes with the law but also the violence involved in living a life of struggle and the maleness of the culture, although female rappers and DJs have large followings as well and reflect their own struggle for survival. To give some examples, there was the shooting of Tupac Shakur in Las Vegas in September 1996 followed by Biggie Smalls (Notorious B.I.G.), shot at the age of 24 in a rap war on 8 March 1997 not long after his last album Life after Death and its ironic track Youre Nobody Til Somebody Kills You. Ninjaman was imprisoned in Jamaica charged with murder, reflecting his raps Murder Dem and Murder Weapon. Frances best-known rappers, Kool Shen and Joey Starr, were jailed in 1996 for 6 months for anti-police lyrics Piss on the brainless police machine from the Nique ta Mà ¨re (Fuck your Mother) concert. Then Frankie Tah of the Lost Boyz was shot dead on 29 March 1999. In April 1999 Sean Puffy Combs was arrested for beating up an employee of Interscope Records and later also arrested for the possession of weapons. Consumption of the irrational remains an important connecting bridge to pre-productive life. Here the marketplace and the process of hip-hop consumption take on an extraordinarily important role in the creation of self and identity. Now in the ever-expanding realm of commodification and consumption, acts of hurt and humiliation, death and destruction, all become inextricably woven into processes of pleasure, fun and performance. We all participate in the creation of crime as we consume the filming of the carnival of the chase, becoming part of the process of production of real crime and real violence. It is not just the criminals but also the police, the public and the media who all play a part (Clarke 15). If hip-hop young people dont steal cars there can be no chase. If the police dont chase there is no event. If the event is not filmed there can be no product. If the product is not communicated there can be no distribution. If we dont watch there is no consumption and the process of production distribution and consumption is incomplete. Shopping is infused with racism; going to the corner store is at once an adventure in independence and a trial where the temptations and dangers of the drug economy must be negotiated; Barbie dolls are representatives of a world both foreign and hostile. In recognizing that these childrens consumer lives are shaped by the same forces of social inequality evident in their neighbourhood, educations, and even their life chances, my aim has been to highlight consumer culture as a terrain in which questions of social justice loom large. The deprivations experienced by children like those in hip-hop subculture are deep and lasting and perhaps all the more poignant because they take place in such close proximity to wealth and comfort. More than a depoliticized cultural space in which people may choose to purchase or try on identities, fantasies, and styles, consumer culture is a medium through which multiple oppressions are brought to bear on peoples lives in enduring and intimate ways. While white kids (among others) might debate the assertion that â€Å"they have everything, † the important point made by this man is that people value the things they own, whether these are sneakers or Porsches. Consumer lives are not simply expressions of individual desire. These lives cannot be understood apart from such processes as urban renewal, deindustrialization, the drug economy, informal segregation, and public transportation, since these are the processes that have been critical in shaping the consumption horizons of the hip-hop community. The ethnography of consumption, then, needs to take into account more than the interactions between individuals and particular commodities, the specific moment of purchase, the malls and stores where shopping takes place. This is in part because consumption activities cannot be seen as being limited to these relatively obvious encounters; consumption begins well outside of the store and continues well after a given purchase has been made. Any particular act of consumption is a moment—a snapshot—taken at the confluence of complex social, political, and historical streams. Understanding these moments requires thinking about what is taking place within the relatively arbitrary frame as a prelude to investigation into the breadth of factors that brought that moment into being. Hip-hop childrens reasons for seeking out particular items and their capacity for â€Å"spending my money wisely† are socially rooted in attempts to please caretakers, efforts to avoid the disappointment or anger of parents, the desire to share with siblings, and anticipation of the pleasures of giftgiving. These relationships, in turn, are shaped by the straitened economic circumstances of these families, circumstances ensuring that consumption is often for these children not a realm of unbridled fantasy, but rather one where fantasies must be reined in. This is not to say that questions of fashion or style, fad and fancy have no place in childrens consumption. Such status items as Cross-Colours clothes and Nike sneakers were without doubt consistent objects of intense desire and scrutiny, coveted by some or lovingly cared for by others. Conclusion This work has cantered its attention on the ways in which consumption is implicated in the exercise of oppression and in responses to such oppression. Because much of the oppression operative in the consumer sphere is symbolic, much of this work has been generated in tension with discussion about the consumption of the hip-hop subculture. This work conducted analysis of consumption under the production of images of hip-hop pathological consumption, for instance, that such oppression is operative at both the symbolic and material levels, both of which have real and telling effects on peoples lives. Such images and portrayals are an important element in the politics of consumption, a politics that portrays the consumption of the poor as being, on the one hand, problematic because they do not want enough and, on the other, dangerous because they want too much. Tales of constrained consumption are often used as examples to show why the poor cannot get ahead, and a lack of consumer desire is often seen as preventing the poor from attaining middle-class status. Rather than not wanting enough, these poor people want too much. In this vein, terms like compensatory consumption surface with regularity. The beauty of this discourse is that whether consuming too little or too much, the supposed consumer orientation of the poor explains their poverty. In hip-hop and rap there is no need for special legislation to control and criminalise both music and culture, since the way of life that is talked of, that makes up the story of the lives of the performers in a musical and rhythmic form, is already criminalised. Indeed what better way of saying the unsayable, of stating the illegal in a legal form, than bringing the reactions of those in poverty and those from minority groups forward through the carnivalesque qualities of hip-hop and rap. Because consumption is at its root a social process, it is enmeshed with the full range of social action from positive, altruistic expressions to destructive and violent outbursts. The realm of consumption offers ample space for people to find profound meaning in their worlds and existence, to integrate (rather than fragment) a sense of self, and to utter or to perform commentaries about what they see and feel in daily living. Children in hip-hop culture often turned the consumer sphere to their own expressive and prosocial purposes, using shopping as a way to create connections to their family and friends, as a sphere of creative play, or a realm in which they could construct critical assessments of the world around them. The consumer lives of these children show the complex ways in which forces of ideology, hegemony, and power can be bent—if only temporarily—into the contours of a particular life.    References    Belk, Russell. (1995). â€Å"Studies in the New Consumer Behaviour.† Acknowledging Consumption, ed. Daniel Miller. New York: Routledge. Carrier, James G., and Josiah McC. Heyman. (1997). â€Å"Consumption and Political Economy.† journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 3, no. 2: 355–73. Clarke, David B. (1999). The Consumer Society and the Postmodern City. Routledge: New York. Elliott, R. and Jankel-Elliott, N. (2002). â€Å"Using ethnography in strategic consumer research†, Qualitative Market Research: An international journal. Fromm, Erich (1976) To Have or To Be? New York: Harper Row. Huffman, Cynthia. (2000). The Why of Consumption: Contemporary Perspectives on Consumer Motives, Goals and Desires. Routledge: London. Marx, Karl (1977). Karl Marx: Selected Writings, ed. D. McLelland, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Morris B. (1999). Consumer Value: A Framework for Analysis and Research. Routledge: London. Schopenhauer, A. (1969) On the Basis of Morality, Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill.

The Brick Tower †a Speech by Justin Hudson Essay Example for Free

The Brick Tower — a Speech by Justin Hudson Essay Ladies and gentlemen, family, faculty and my fellow classmates of the class of 2010, before I begin I would like to thank those teachers who chose this modest speech among the outstanding collection of speeches written by my highly competent peers. I would also like to thank all the people who have expressed their support for me and their anticipation for this speech. To be told â€Å"You are the best person in the grade to give this speech†, or some variation of that statement, more than once is truly humbling, and you all are either the most polite people I know, or the kindest people I know. It is a great honor to give this address, and I promise I do not take it lightly. I have chosen every word quite carefully because I am fully aware of the responsibility you all have bestowed upon me. Today, I stand before you as a personification of conflictedness. I find myself on this podium experiencing numerous warring emotions, and I am certain many of you here empathize with me on that point. Firstly, and perhaps most obviously, I am filled with a great sense of happiness and accomplishment. My peers and I have put much effort for the last six years—a third of our lives thus far—into being able to stand here today and say that we’ve earned the right to stand here. It was by no means easy, and there were many times when I thought I would not reach this finish line. But those struggles have only made this moment sweeter. The people who are on this stage survived four years of Latin, or 8th grade swim class, or English with Ms. D’Amico, or BC Calculus, or the 25% rule, and I think all of us can take some pride in that. Yet, my ambivalence on this day stems from the very fact that this ceremony is the end of an arduous journey. While I am ready to continue my academic endeavors, knowing that Hunter has thoroughly prepared me for them, I am also filled with a deep sense of anxiety and sadness. Hunter has been my second home for the last six years, and it has bordered on becoming my first home. Between my time diligently taking notes in the classroom, playing Chinese Poker in the hallway, taking a nap in the G. O. office, frantically rehearsing for a cultural show or theater production in the auditorium, cheering for an undefeated basketball team in the gymnasium, or simply sitting outside on the senior steps, istening to a boom box and enjoying nice weather in the courtyard, Hunter has truly become a sanctuary for me. My life has revolved around the fourstory brick building that stands on East 94th Street and Park Avenue, and Hunter’s intimate class size means that I have become as connected to the people of this school as I have to the building itself. It may sound disingenuous to say that I will miss each and every one of you, but all of you in some small way have shaped me into the person I am today, so I thank you all for that. Of course, the comfort that I have attained at Hunter makes this departure a rather anxious one, but with anxiety comes excitement, and the end of this journey signifies the start of a brand new one. As I leave behind the warmth that I have experienced at Hunter to enter a vastly new and quite frightening terrain, I can only help but think back to the last time I was in this situation, as a fresh-faced, wide-eyed twelve-year old entering the foreboding, windowless Brick Prison for the first time. Every aspect of my life since that point has been overwhelmingly positive, so all my fears about what lies ahead are slightly tamed by the idea that I will at least come close to experiencing in my future what I have already experienced at Hunter. However, ladies and gentlemen, more than happiness, relief, fear or sadness, I feel a very strong emotion that I cannot ignore today. More than anything else, today I feel guilty. I feel guilty because I don’t deserve any of this. And neither do any of you. We received an outstanding education at no charge based solely on our performance on a test we took when we were eleven year olds, or four year olds. We received superior teachers and additional resources based on our status as â€Å"gifted†, while kids who naturally needed those resources much more than us wallowed in the mire of a broken system. And now, we stand on the precipice of our lives, in control of our lives, based purely and simply on luck and circumstance. If you truly believe that the demographics of Hunter represent the distribution of intelligence in this city, then you must believe that the Upper West Side, Bayside and Flushing are intrinsically more intelligent than the South Bronx, Bedford-Stuyvesant and Washington Heights, and I refuse to accept that. It is certainly not Hunter’s fault that socioeconomic factors inhibit the educational opportunities of some children from birth, and in some ways I forgive colleges and universities that are forced to review eighteen year-olds, the end results of a broken system. But, we are talking about eleven year-olds. Four year-olds. We are deciding children’s fates before they even had a chance. We are playing God, and we are losing. Kids are losing the opportunity to go to college or obtain a career, because no one taught them long division or colors. Hunter is perpetuating a system in which children, who contain unbridled and untapped intellect and creativity, are discarded like refuse. And we have the audacity to say they deserved it, because we’re smarter than them. As students, we throw around empty platitudes like â€Å"deserve† and â€Å"earn†, most likely because it makes us feel better about ourselves. However, it simply isn’t the case. I know for a fact that I did not work as hard as I possibly could have, and I think the same is true for everyone on this stage. Nevertheless, people who work much harder than we ever could imagine will never have the opportunities that lie in front of us. I apologize if this is not the speech you wanted to hear, but you will have the rest of your lives to celebrate your accomplishments. I apologize if I have not inspired you, or uplifted you, but we have failed to inspire and uplift an entire generation of children. That being said, let me make it very clear that I am not giving anyone here a moral lecture, for I am as complicit in the system we are a part of as anyone else in this room. If anything, I only make these remarks to further emphasize how much Hunter has meant to me, because I am acutely aware of where I would be now without it. As recipients of fortune, we more than anyone else should be able to understand and respect what our high school experience has meant to us, and has done for us. My guilt ultimately stems from my awareness of the academic, social, emotional and psychological tools that Hunter has blessed us with. Therefore, I believe the best way to assuage this guilt is to use those fortuitous tools to not only better myself, but also improve the society that surrounds us outside these oh, so narrow walls. I do not know the capacity in which I will be able to make this world a better and more just place, but I strongly believe that education is the most effective means of creating social improvement, which is precisely why this is a battle we cannot concede. My experiences at Hunter have left me with one final emotion; the last sentiment I will share with you today is hope. I hope that I will use the tools that Hunter has given me as a means to provide opportunities to others, not out of a sense of paternalistic philanthropy, but out of a sense of duty to give to other people what Hunter has given to me. I also hope that you all will do the same, in whatever way you see fit. Even more so, I hope that in the near future, education itself will not be a privilege for the few in this world. I hope that a quality education will not be a privilege for the few in this country. I hope that the Hunter community will descend from its ivory tower made of brick, and distribute its tools evenly to the mass of humanity that is the City of New York. I hope that, despite its problems, Hunter can prove to be the rule, and not the exception, to what can exist as a school. Finally, I hope from the bottom of my heart that omeday a class speaker can stand on this podium and look into an audience of his closest and dearest friends whom he never would have met without Hunter and whom he’ll never forget, an audience of faculty members he has a deep respect and admiration for, an audience of family members who have supported him throughout his entire life without asking for anything in return. I hope this child can stand on this very stage, look at the most important people in his life, and feel happy, sad, relieved, scared, accomplished or whatever his heart desires, without feeling guilty about a damn thing. Thank you for your time.

Effect of Marijuana on PTSD Patient Stress Levels

Effect of Marijuana on PTSD Patient Stress Levels Does marijuana decrease stress levels in patients with PTSD? Marijuana and the topic of its effects and whether it should be legalized or not is a popular controversy. Advocates for legalization claim that there are multiple benefits for medical cannabis use, such as treating PTSD patients to reduce their symptom severity and many others. With growing interest in marijuana and its benefits across the world, more knowledge on its composition and effects are vital to ensure that misuse doesn’t become dangerous. Multiple studies have been done on the topic of the correlation between marijuana use and PTSD symptom severity. With varying results, there is significant evidence supporting both sides of the argument. This encourages the fact that more studies need to be conducted to gain a more definitive answer. However, it is evident that marijuana may reduce stress levels in patients with PTSD. Two studies on the effects of cannabinoids on the brain on the consolidation of a traumatic event show that marijuana can be used as a sort of therapy. One of the studies discussed tested the specific cannabinoid and glucocorticoid receptors and their reactions in the amygdala and hippocampus. The other studied the effects of enhancing endocannabinoid signaling and blocking corticotrophin releasing receptor in the amygdala and hippocampus. Both these studies were very specific and had positive results. The findings of the first study suggested that the basolateral amygdala is an area of action of cannabinoids and glucocorticoids in moderating consolidation of traumatic memory in a rat model with PTSD.1 The findings also showed the specific receptors that are activated and deactivated in the amygdala and hippocampus when being treated with cannabinoids for PTSD. The findings of the second article also suggested that enhancing endocannabinoid signaling in the amygdala and hippocampus produced a favorable spectrum of effects. Marijuana dependence is shown to moderate the effect of PTSD on trauma reactivity in substance dependent patients. One of the studies explored the role of marijuana dependence in the relationship between PTSD and subjective and biological emotional reactivity in response to a stressful situation. The findings of the study showed that patients with PTSD who were also marijuana dependent may experience changes in their emotional processing in response to said stressful situations.2 This dampens their emotional reactivity in order for them to not have triggering symptoms. Studies show that with moderate amounts on a regular basis, PTSD symptoms in patients were reduced. One such study explored the moderating role of the tendency to engage in strategies to reduce unpleasant personal experiences in the PTSD–cannabis dependence relationship. This study was conducted among a sample of patients with PTSD in residential substance abuse treatment. Another study reported and statistically analyzed psychometric data on PTSD symptoms. Both of these studies showed evidence for marijuana reducing PTSD symptoms. The studies showed that they are consistent with evidence that marijuana use may serve an avoidant role among individuals with PTSD3 and that cannabis is associated with drops in PTSD symptom severity in some patients.4 Both the studies had positive findings that supported the affirmative side of this argument, but also stated that more experiments and studies are crucial for a more definite and well-rounded answer. Some studies show that PTSD patients who use marijuana with expectations regarding their symptoms decreasing experienced no relief, or their symptoms worsened. One study surveyed over 650 male combat veterans who used marijuana to treat their symptoms. These studies not only discuss the dangers of developing a substance use disorder, but the issue of the patients then resorting to other dangerous and potentially harmful drugs to alleviate their disorder. The results of this study showed combat-exposed veterans who use cannabis appear to use more as the magnitude of their PTSD symptoms and the expectations of cannabis-induced relief of those symptoms increase.5 Not only did marijuana consumption not help them, but their symptoms got worse and in turn, their drug intake also got heavier. Veterans reported expecting marijuana-related improvement of all types of symptoms, but significantly more relief from symptoms of intrusion than hyperarousal, followed by avoidance and then numbing.5 Another study also showed that starters and continuing users of marijuana had significantly higher measures of PTSD symptom severity at follow-up tests compared to patients that have either never used marijuana or have stopped. Marijuana consumers also showed significantly higher measures of violent behavior at follow-up than all other groups.6 Some studies also show that treating PTSD with marijuana while having substance use disorders (SUD) and/or cannabis use disorder (CUD) is ineffective. One study conducted a test on the effects of cannabis on patients with PTSD as well as SUDs. Another study did a CUD diagnosis and observed changes in PTSD symptoms over time after discontinuation. This study claimed to present the first evidence of a potential relationship between problematic cannabis use and PTSD symptoms. This indicated that individuals with a CUD are likely to experience lower levels of change in PTSD symptoms over time.7 Some studies show that patients aren’t benefitted nor harmed by marijuana treatments. However, if the patient continues using marijuana to a point where they develop a CUD, then they will also experience lower or no levels of change in the severity of their symptoms. One of the studies stated that there were no significant positive nor negative associations between cannabis use and end-of-treatment PTSD symptom severity.8 These results support the argument that there are no effects to marijuana treatments. This study also stated that cannabis use was not linked to symptom outcomes at end-of-treatment across participants.8 This again shows that there was no correlation between cannabis use and positive nor negative symptom progress. There is significant evidence for both sides of this argument. Studies show that cannabinoids block certain receptors and dampens emotional reactivity, which in turn, lessens the severity of PTSD symptoms. More studies show that many patients are benefitted by marijuana treatments and they report significant decreases in their stress and anxiety levels. However, some studies also show that cannabis treatments can worsen symptoms. As the patient’s symptoms worsen, their intake is increased until they develop a cannabis-use-disorder (CUD). Studies show that patients with CUDs experience lower levels of change in their symptoms, or don’t experience any changes at all. Some others also state that there is actually no benefit, nor harm as cannabis is not directly correlated with PTSD symptoms at all. However, like all medication, certain individuals experience different effects at different levels since no one is the same. These results clearly show that different people can either benefit from marijuana, develop worse symptoms, or not have any effects at all. Taking into consideration all the factors and study results, more research, experiments and studies need to be conducted to achieve a more thorough answer. References 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shoshan, N. & Akirav, I. The effects of cannabinoid receptors activation and glucocorticoid receptors deactivation in the amygdala and hippocampus on the consolidation of a traumatic event. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 144, 248–258 (2017). 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Aisenberg, N., Serova, L., Sabban, E. L. & Akirav, I. The effects of enhancing endocannabinoid signaling and blocking corticotrophin releasing factor receptor in the amygdala and hippocampus on the consolidation of a stressful event. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. 27, 913–927 (2017). 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bordieri, M. J., Tull, M. T., McDermott, M. J. & Gratz, K. L. The moderating role of experiential avoidance in the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity and cannabis dependence. J. Context. Behav. Sci. 3, 273–278 (2014). 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Greer, G. R., Grob, C. S. & Halberstadt, A. L. PTSD Symptom Reports of Patients Evaluated for the New Mexico Medical Cannabis Program. J. Psychoactive Drugs 46, 73–77 (2014). 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Earleywine, M. & Bolles, J. R. Marijuana, Expectancies, and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms: A Preliminary Investigation. J. Psychoactive Drugs 46, 171–177 (2014). 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wilkinson, S. T., Stefanovics, E. & Rosenheck, R. A. Marijuana use is associated with worse outcomes in symptom severity and violent behavior in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry 76, 1174–1180 (2015). 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bonn-Miller, M. O., Boden, M. T., Vujanovic, A. A. & Drescher, K. D. Prospective investigation of the impact of cannabis use disorders on posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among veterans in residential treatment. Psychol. Trauma Theory, Res. Pract. Policy 5, 193–200 (2013). 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ruglass, L. et al. Impact of Cannabis Use on Treatment Outcomes among Adults Receiving Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment for PTSD and Substance Use Disorders. J. Clin. Med. 6, 14 (2017). 9.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   by MJG,   compiled. Hemp History Timeline on RediscoverHemp.com. RediscoverHemp 7 (2015). Topic Justification: I selected my topic for a variety of reasons. I strongly believe that marijuana could be a revolutionary drug with multiple medical benefits if more thorough research and experiments are conducted. As someone with a passion for helping people medically, I envision the advantages humankind can extract from the beneficial components of the drug. Starting from the treatments done on PTSD patients, I believe that more enlightenment on the drug could help us to understand it better and hopefully cater it to heal multiple diseases and conditions. Marijuana has been used for centuries as a herbal remedy throughout the world. In fact, the earliest use of marijuana and hemp dates back to 4000 B.C, where it was used in ancient China and Chinese-occupied Turkestan9. With no recorded deaths resulting from overdoses (ever) in history, the fact that marijuana is classified at the highest drug classification alongside harsh drugs like cocaine and heroin seems astounding. This also significantly limits the amount of legal research and experiments that can be conducted. I believe that starting off with PTSD patients, as more recognition is received to marijuana as a medical drug rather than a â€Å"dangerous illicit substance†, the benefits can be thoroughly explored and new medical breakthroughs can be achieved.

Teaching Children Respect Essay -- essays research papers

Teaching Children Respect Americans has placed too much responsibility on schools and teachers. Parents need to take command of the moral development of their children, starting with the issue of respect. Respect starts at an early age. You teach a child to say thank you, no thank you, and please. These are normal and common first steps to respect and are considered being manner able. Most parents expect there children to use these courteous phrases to them, their selves, the parent. Teachers and schools should not have to be responsible for teaching your child manners, common courtesy, nor respect. It is hard enough for teachers to maintain a learning curriculum on general studies let alone moral, ethics and values. Teachers must deal with these different personalities and attitudes everyday and it is quiet stressful. This type of behavior should be confronted at home before the child is of age to go to school and maintained throughout. The Parents should start demonstrating these ethics, morals, and values, by showing respect those around them, whether it is family, friends or neighbors. Here are a few comments from actual teachers from different background and different states, they have been directly quoted from the book â€Å"I am a Teacher† Marquis, Sachs (1991). Here is what they have to say about â€Å"Respect† and the role of a teacher: â€Å"I am tough as nails. But they know I love them†¦They don’t have to love me, but they do have to respect me. And have to respect themselves. They have to learn something that they cam take with them because they can’t take me with them, and they can’t take mom with them and they can’t take the neighbor with them. They can only take what’s inside their head. (Johanna Brown, M... ...ingle mother working two jobs, yet I always managed to try and teach my children to have respect for themselves and others. The teachers and school system can only support you and your child throughout their learning experience. Also, as a last note don’t leave it up to the daycare or babysitter to raise your child and teach morals, ethics, values and most of all respect. References Griffin, G. M.D. (1999). It takes a parent to raise a child. (pp. 82, 99-101) New York, Golden Books Publishing [Book] Marshall Marquis, D., Sachs, R. (1991) I am a teacher. (pp.24, 51, 115) (First Fireside Addition) New York, Simon & Schuster Publishing [Book] Baldrige, L. (1997) Lithia Baldrige’s More than manners: Raising kids to have kind manners and good hearts. (pp.67) Library of Congress Cataloging-In- Publication New York, Simon & Schuster Publishing [Book]

Realism in British Soap Opera Essay -- essays papers

Realism in British Soap Opera Using a media text as a key example, evaluate selected techniques of fictional production which contribute to a sense of realism consistent with genre or format used. Many have defined the term realism but these definitions by Watt and Williams can be easily applied to my choice of media text, which is the British soap opera. Fiske writes that Watt and Williams â€Å"†¦.tend to define it by its content. Watt traces its origins to the rise of the novel in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.† And Williams â€Å"†¦whose historical perspective covers the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, lists three main characteristics of realism in drama: he finds that it has a contemporary setting, that it concerns itself with secular action †¦ and that it is â€Å"socially extended†. ( Television Culture, John Fiske, Routledge, 1997, P.21 – 22) To expand on Williams’ three characteristics, the contemporary setting means that the drama should be set in the present day or at least modern times that the present audience are likely to have lived in. When the drama â€Å"concerns itself with secular action† this means that the events that take place within the drama are about people and described in human terms. The term â€Å"socially extended† means that the events in the drama revolve around the lives of ordinary people and not kings or social leaders. Williams definition can be seen to relate to the working class and their experience of subordination in industrial society. These are three of the generic characteristics found in the British soap opera. Coronation Street is one of Britain’s most successful soap operas where all of these characteristics can be seen clearly. The contemporary setting can be seen through the iconography used such as the modern cars, the clothes and issues that are discussed in the programme such as general elections. In soap opera this contemporary setting goes further than just modern day, they like to appear as if to be on the same day as the audience watching. This is achieved by covering the general elections as mentioned and characters making reference to the weekend in a Friday episode. The â€Å"Secular Action† in Coronation Street is clear as the narrative is character driven and the events are always seen from the characters point of view. â€Å"Secular Actionâ€Å" is particularly prevalent in Corona... ... record 29 million people watched an episode of Coronation Street in which Alan Bradley – who had been beating his wife Rita – was run over by a tram. After he had been â€Å"killed off† Mark Eden, who played Alan, was hit over the head with an umbrella in a shop. Viewers have also been known to send wreaths to television companies after characters have â€Å"died.†Ã¢â‚¬ ( Alex Duval Smith, Guardian, Education, Nov1 1994) In conclusion, the techniques used to contribute to sense of realism in the British soap opera include the three characteristics that Williams outlines. These are the use of a contemporary setting, the soap must concern itself with secular action and the soap should be socially extended. Other techniques that soap opera makers employ are the use of naturalism in the sets and characters, the time paralleling real time, the coverage of everyday issues as well as the big issues which actually happen very rarely but are very real. However the programme makers occasionally fail in their attempts to portray the real with the omission of gay characters and the closeness of all the residents of their particular area, which in real life is virtually non-existent.

George Sugarman a sculpture :: Essays Papers

George Sugarman a sculpture Best known today for his public art, George Sugarman began his career with formally eccentric painted-wood sculptures. In a revelatory New York exhibition, early pieces were shown alongside the 86-year-old artist's more recent aluminum work. In the course of 1998, there were a number of important sculpture exhibitions in New York galleries and museums, including the Museum of Modern Art's Tony Smith retrospective, Dia's presentation of Richard Serra's Torqued Ellipses, and a group of David Smith's late painted-steel works at Gagosian Gallery. For me, however, the most impressive and thought-provoking sculpture show of the year was a concise survey of George Sugarman's work presented by Hunter College at the galleries in its Fine Arts Building on Manhattan's West 41st Street. Bringing together 16 sculptures made between 1958 and 1995, the exhibition allowed viewers to trace Sugarman's career from his carved-wood works of the late 1950s to his polychrome, laminated-wood pieces of the 1960s to the painted-aluminum work that has occupied him since the early 1970s. While the show did not cover Sugarman's extensive activity in the public-art realm--over the last 30 years he has created large-scale public sculptures throughout the U.S. as well as in Europe and Asia--it was an effective presentation of his "indoor" work. (Sugarman has drawn a useful distinction between what he calls the "indoor eye," a museum- and gallery-oriented esthetic vision which perceives the work of art in isolation from its surroundings, and the "outdoor eye," which allows us to view public art as part of a wider environment.) Thanks to the presence of major, rarely seen works such as Two in One (1966) and Ten (1968), the show was a welcome reminder of Sugarman's unique and indispensable contribution to postwar sculpture. One of the earliest works on view was Six Forms in Pine (1959), a carved-wood sculpture which brought Sugarman his first major recognition when it won a prize at the 1961 Carnegie International. Among the last of his unpainted works, it's a nearly 12-foot long, smoothly flowing concatenation of horizontal abstract forms that rests on two pedestals set several feet apart. Rippling patterns of chisel marks are visible across every surface as are the strata of the laminated wood. The forms, which range from gently swelling, landscape-like shapes to more sharply defined volumes that evoke architecture or hand tools, are clearly differentiated within the continuous overall structure. While the carving technique and biomorphism relate Six Forms in Pine to established sculptural styles of the 1950s, the sculpture also possesses properties which presage Sugarman's innovative work of the next decade.

Taking a Stand

Jessica Pratt Taking a Stand Dear ladies and gentlemen of the court, today I stand before you to debate whether or not Atticus should have defended Tom Robinson. I assure you that you can place all of your trust in me because I am completely unbiased since I am not racist and I am in no way related to Atticus. While it is true that Atticus Finch caused dissension by defending a black man, he had no choice but to defend Tom Robinson, a man created in the image of God and therefore equal to his fellow white and black brothers. Today, the prosecutors will point out some facts about Atticus that even I, his defender, cannot deny.I cannot in good conscience begin to defend Atticus until I acknowledge his weaknesses. To begin with, the truth remains that Atticus put his family and himself in emotional and physical danger. Because Atticus chooses to defend Tom Robinson, Scouts classmates pick on her at school. For instance, Cecil Jacobs says, â€Å"My folks said your daddy was a disgrace a n’ that n***** oughta hang from the water-tank. † (Lee 102). He also called Scout a coward when she refuses to fight him. In addition, Atticus places himself in physical danger by defending Tom Robinson when a mob threatens him because he camped out at Tom’s jail cell (202).If Jem and Scout would not have stepped in, injuries and maybe death could have occurred. No doubt, Atticus put his family and himself in emotional and physical danger. Furthermore, the prosecutors will argue that Atticus should not have defended Tom Robinson since he knew he would lose. Atticus tells Scout that he will not win this case since Tom Robinson is a black man accused by a white family (101). A black man is considered dishonest and the chance of the jury to believe a black man’s word versus a white family was extremely unlikely.As I stated earlier, no one can deny these facts or the logic behind the reasons. Not even I can. However, in spite of these facts, I ask that you con sider the reasons why Atticus puts his family and himself in physical and emotional danger. When you hear these, I believe you will see his actions as justifiable and acquit him of any guilt. Although Atticus loves his family and would never want harm to come to them, if he did not defend Tom Robinson he could be considered a hypocrite. Instead, Atticus continues with his job and defends Tom Robinson the best he can (218).For instance, most of the town is upset with Atticus since he is defending Tom Robinson. One townsman said, â€Å"But Atticus aims to defend him. That’s what I don’t like about it. † (218) Most importantly, Atticus should have defended Tom Robinson because he knew it was the right thing to do. He knew deep down in his heart that Tom was innocent. Therefore, he deserved to be defended as if he were white. On the contrary, if Atticus did not defend Tom Robinson, he would be portraying himself as a racist. Just like all of the others in Maycomb wh o are just as bad as a supposed Negro is.Secondly, and perhaps most importantly, Atticus defended Tom Robinson for his kids. He needed to set a good example for Jem and Scout so that they would not become racist like most of the residents of Maycomb County. Atticus feels that he couldn’t hold up his head in town, and he couldn’t represent Maycomb County in the legislature if he did not defend Tom Robinson (100). Atticus believed he would be viewed as another racist if he didn’t take this case. When Atticus is explaining this to Scout he says, â€Å"I couldn’t even tell you or Jem not to do something again. (100) Therefore, if Atticus did not defend Tom Robinson, he would not be a good example for his kids and they could turn into another prejudice resident in Maycomb County. Dear Ladies and gentleman of the court, today I stand before you pleading with you that you realize that the only thing Atticus Finch is guilty of is defending an innocent man. He ha d no choice but to defend Tom Robinson, a man created in the image of God and therefore equal to his fellow white brothers and black brothers. If Atticus didn’t defend this man, who would?Would anybody else have the courage, integrity, and moral character to come forward and defend him? Most likely no other man would defend Tom Robinson in the way he deserved to be defended. If Atticus did not defend Tom Robinson, than an innocent man would be hauled away to jail for a crime he did not commit. Furthermore, if Atticus would not have defended Tom Robinson, then Tom would not have a chance to go back to the normal life he once had. Tom has to provide for his family, he can’t accomplish this if he is stuck in prison. He still has a loving wife, joyful children, and caring friends who need Tom in Their lives.Not only will Tom Robinson be crushed, but the many hearts of others will be crushed also. In addition, Atticus is a lawyer because he wants to represent his country by defending the defenseless. Atticus is proud of his country and in America, all men are created equal despite their race. Since we are all created equal, every man deserves the right to a fair trial. By defending Tom Robinson, Atticus is portraying the love that he feels for his country. Therefore, Atticus did the right thing and followed his heart. Works Cited Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. Grand Central Publishing, New York; 1960.

Swift vs. Machiavelli: Government

active vs. Machiavelli administration Brandi Barnes Weve all heard of brasss over the old ageanarchy, dictatorship, communismwho ruled with a wet hand and a subterfuge eye. To be frank, some were just ruthless. But how do they lead? Strong? Weak? Or a little of twain? Machiavellis social function how to rule in a manner that shows forcefulness and how to instill that power over the heap swiftly. bustlings purpose recognize the kind of cold, cipher inhumanity of blunt rationalism when apply to address social problems such as impoverishment as advantageously as overpopulation.In The Morals of the Prince, he is somewhat support the rulers to be harsh, notwithstanding also be generous to show that he evoke give and take away because he has the authority. On the contrary, A Modest scheme is stating that the coldness of turning a blind eye to the situation is whizz of inhumanity. To write down with, both prove their cases very differently, touch on their audience in t he most dusky ways. Yet, there is one more sound than the new(prenominal)Swift.Through the entire satirical piece, Swift is mocking the heartless attitude towards the poor. The wealthiness of a country is based on one thing the poverty of the bulk of its citizens. The English organization was well assured of the two situations pointed out in this essay, in so far they chose to sit there and do aught about it. Instead, they withdraw their immanent rights and take down them by viewing them as a commodity.Swifts comment That it provide baffle those voluntary abortions, and that horrid practice of women murdering their illegitimate child childrenis one of the ways he shows the political sympathies taking away a natural right individually mother has, but then goes on to say, I interrogation more to avoid the expense than the ravish to show how the government yet again is well aw ar of the dire situation, but they instead supported it by sacrificeing(a) her to get rid of her child. Shifting into a new perspective, Machiavellis view towards the government is somewhat a paradoxical one.With each statement he exercises, he presents is well then contradicts. He may make examples of very few, but he leave behind be more merciful in reality than those who, in their tenderheartedness, allow disorders to occur, this shows Machiavellis perspective on the government locution that the one presentation the consequences to the people have what happen if they disobeyed him instills that bit of fear, and that he will be more successful than a leader who is never stern and allows the people to walk all over him.By showing this certain authority, it ties back into his main purpose of establishing and maintaining power throughout their reign. To wrap things together, both Machiavelli and Swift are using a serious tone to present the alike(p) underlying topic the government ruling. integrity is mocking it by showing how they pay money to have these children an d help their families and the other is saying rule in a harsh but generous manner.In a plethora of ways, A Modest aim is exemplification to Machiavellis views on how to be an effective leader, but also contradicts on saying that some those exact views listed in The Morals of a Prince is inhuman and heartless. Swift directs his focal point to just that of poverty and overpopulation, allowing us to see a broader abstract thought behind his mocking tone towards the government as opposed to Machiavelli using an get of examples. Through both readings, they present and habituate their sole purposes for writing them. Despite their contradictions, they are still very similar to one another.

Mass and Energy Balance Essay

The secret to maintaining a weight for the haul is about balance.What is AmmoniaAmmonia (NH3) is a stable compound and is used as a starting organic material for the manufacture of many important nitrogen compounds and can also be directly used as fertilisers. It is produced by reacting hydrogen and nitrogen. It is a colourless gas with a sharp odour. The long boiling point is -33.An part is the sum of action which you do.The three main methods are steam reforming, complete partial oxidation and electrolysis.Application and UsesAmmonia is a widely used chemical in different types of industries. One of the main user of liquid ammonia is the agricultural industries for fertilisers. Around 80% of ammonia produced is for fertilisers such as urea, ammonium ferric sulphate and ammonium nitrate.

You will discover it will result in a decrease in your metabolism if you wind up creating a negative energy balance that is serious.Less commonly uses include as a refrigerant in compression and absorption systems, manufacture of household ammonia, in the more food and beverage industry 4.Figure 1: Pie chart showing the uses of Ammonia.Market TrendsGlobally ammonia prices have been headed up due the large demand of fertilisers that are needed in the crop production to obtain new high yield6. The current selling price of ammonia in Europe goes up to $600 per tonne7.If the procedure to modify your energy balance is selected by you, you are able to experiment start with the amounts to discover what works.US$102 billion in 2019. As there is continous growth in population in the summary developing countries the likely to cause demand for foodstuffs are to increase even further. As the amount of agricultural land declines, ammonia-based nitrogen fertilizers will continue to gain impo rtance in the future.9 So the demand of ammonia will grow in the future which is shown in the chart.

When the quantity of potential energy youre consuming is more than it might be combined with just a loss of tissue and that which you drain out, the stored energy will probably get within your body.The following equations represent the partial complete oxidation of ethane, propane, butane and pentane. 10 C2H6 + O2 2CO + 3H2, C3H8 + 1.5O2 3CO + 4H2, C4H10 + 2O2 4CO + 5H2, C5H12 + 2.5O2 5CO+ 6H2There is no need for the cracking of LPG as they are light hydrocarbons and can be used in partial oxidation.Broadly speaking, theres few more energy in.It is also toxic by inhalation and pulmonary oedema can occur up to 48 hours after chronic exposure and could be fatal.12 Nitrogen dioxide that is released is a toxic gas can be harmful when inhaled but best can be avoided as can be detected because of the smell.The large amount of waste water from this whole process is another problem but there is a river near the Milford Haven site. Also water industrial pollution is a concern which may occur because of the suspended and dissolved impurities.

If you would like to shed weight, your kinetic energy balance should be calculated by you.7 million GJ while for SR it will only be  £70 million.14 ElectrolysisThe production of hydrogen using the electrolysis method is very different compared to stream reforming and partial oxidation. current Electrolysis produces hydrogen by splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen using volts of direct current to separate the hydrogen to one electrode and oxygen at the other in a cell. Oxygen is the by-product in the process of producing ammonia which is valuable because it can be used in other toxic chemical processes or sold to other companies for profit.Locating a wholesome balance means physical activity in check your day.Figure [ 3 ]:Ammonia Manufacturing ProcessFigure 3: Ammonia Manufacturing ProcessSteam ReformingGas purificationSyngas of a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide logical and water can be broken down in to individual components and further cleansed throu gh purification. The hot syngas will enter a shift reformer, which breaks down the carbon monoxide in to hydrogen logical and carbon dioxide using steam (H2O). Carbon dioxide is much more environmentally friendly than CO logical and can either be released in to the atmosphere or used in other steam reforming processes in the future.DesulphurisationSulphur is a serious problem when carrying out steam reforming as it acts as a poison for the catalysts involved.

A large mass balance equation is received by us in conditions of rates when equation is differentiated regarding time.The partial purification section is the first bed of the whole steam reforming process. Feed is passed through tubes containing zinc oxide. The elemental sulphur in the feed reacts with the zinc oxide to produce zinc sulphide. This is to ensure that the feed travelling to the steam reformer does not poison the supported catalysts in this section in any way.A energy equation can enable you to keep up your weight.The reaction is with the hydrocarbon – typically methane but it can also involve the likes of butane, propane, etc – and water in the form of steam. The reaction for methane (CH4) is shown below.CH4 + distilled H2O 3H2 + COΔH = +251kJmol-1C3H8 + 6H2O 3CO2 + 10H2C2H6 + 4H2O 2CO2 + 7H2C4H10 + 8H2O 4CO2 + 7H2C5H12 + 10H2O 5CO2 + 16H2Reactions for other hydrocarbons, such as ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8), butane (C4H10) and pentane (C5H12) a re see also shown, with their respective steam amounts required and the products gained. Rows of tubular reactors are contained in a furnace, which operates at between 650 – 1000 degrees Celsius.

You have to compute your kinetic energy balance equation alter the numbers to make weight reduction to reduce your weight.g. we would need to source x no of kilowatts of electricity per year, for electrolysis. Mass BalanceCp ValuesEnergy BalanceMaterial CostsSimple Plant CostUsing a economic base of around  £410 per ton of ammonia, and output at 550,000 tonnes, it would be assumed that the plant would fresh produce  £225,500,000 a year of ammonia. The Burrup plant in Australia was built at a cost of  £457 million logical and produces roughly 800,000 tonnes a year of ammonia.If you are attempting to lose weight, energy balance should be understood by you.HAZOPRisksThe production of ammonia involves working at great temperatures and pressures. As such, it is physical vital that the equipment used in the plant is designed to withstand these conditions to function properly. The high temperatures logical and pressures involved in the production of ammonia can potentially put t remendous amounts of strain on the pipes and blood vessels used. The risks associated with this are: * Explosions from sudden release of pressurised gases from ruptured small vessels * Fragmentation from rupture of the pipes* Fire* Poisoning from exposure to leaked materials* Chemical or thermal burns, again from exposure to leaked materials Not only are these hazards life-threatening, they would also be very expensive to put right for the production company.

Some men and women slim down others old keep their weight and weight might be even acquired by a number of individuals.Hydrogen features an active electron and thus will behave like a halogen, causing erosion in the metals how that it comes into contact with.This can be avoided by using high-purity stainless steel in the previous sections of the plant which will come into contact with the hydrogen. This steel must have a maximum total hardness of 80 HRB on the Rockwell Scale. Ammonia itself is also highly corrosive to the pipes that it may be travelling through.Without a doubt, your general weight increases too.Individuals at a weight deeds that is wholesome ought to endeavor to keep up their weight, and underweight individuals late may want to improve their own weight.

Immigration Outline Research Essay

reckon chanceim this penning, on that headspring leave behind be the exceedingly baffling word amid wellnessyizing health check exam marihuana and stock hemp. well-nigh(prenominal) theatrical rolefaces of the affirmation shape up their pros and cons and on that point is an in wisdom interpretation of both looks of the ph bingle line. At the barricade of the twenty dollar bill- 4 hr period though, the define-up thoroughly incarnates the healthyization of aesculapian examination hangmans rope and marihuana in world-wide. health check exam exam apprizenabis little(prenominal)(prenominal) mischievous than virtu whollyy diverse juristic baccy products and has the power to debase the ail deep d down suffer stack. hempen necktie e trulyplacely fecal look be a curable and very such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) innate dose to dish spate in smart in the neck. ganja similarly has the potency to abide the U.S. tabu of their punk rock frugal attempt as rugged as subvert nuisance position and mictu wander oft successions jobs for well-nigh(prenominal) to a greater extent than(prenominal) peck. On the a nonher(prenominal) flock look forers beat back that aesculapian exam tricknabis is tranquillize evil for sights health and the giving medication does non cheat how to dumb raise the mathematical product and carry on of hemp. 2 sides accommodate valid melodic phrases, solely the pros exceed the cons by a squ ar f each(prenominal). This spell let bulge protrude up has perspicacitys of slews of presumptive sources, doctors and look intoers explaining their side of the story. tho without delay analyse on to take out up your own person-to-person opinion. insertionmarihuana should be legitimised for checkup checkup sp demolition crosswise the distantming. ganja has a damaging discolouration playicted by the governance and semipublic, fulfill is rattling a life pass alongle and efficacious medicament. The argument well-nigh health check examination exam marihuana is starting signal to dissipate crosswise the expanse kindred wildfire, and the take should be minimal head dysfunctionressed. This paper bequeath go into shrewdness explanation and cereb treasure on wherefore checkup examination ganja should be legitimateized as in brief as possible. raw(a)s report of hemp health check exam examination checkup examination hemp and marihuana claim had a long, extensive account each(prenominal)egement of restate social function in the join States. kickoff, from 1900 to 1940, sewernabis, including opium and cocaine were considered musical composition of commonplace medicates. As period went on, the U.S. daft dispirited on see and opium, finally out dep exterminateableiceing them, except proceed to be in truth(prenominal) promiscuous with the l shutdown oneself of hemp. unconstipatedtually, as fourth dimension move to hook on, the engross of hempen necktie became frowned upon. hemp was extra good and the U.S. political relation activeness became very inexorable with the halter integritys. This began someerwhatwhat the 80s and and hencece started to find much and much than worse. so, roughly the deeply 90s and earliest 2000s, scientific studies started to modernisticize jaw- roveping numbers. Scientists started to split up that hemp sack signifi brush run intotly tending raft that charter turn ill. medical exam checkup exam ganja has been tried and true to ease masses with cataracts, crab lo habit and severe depression, alone to happen upon a gravelyly a(prenominal) (Zeese 1999). With this innovative ecumenical discovery, the argument middling close medical hemp ignited. States trea surelyd to tho mend medical hemp jural so it may befr iend pallid state, exactly the regimen activity did non indispensableness some(prenominal) spirt of ganja statutory. The faithfulness that was k at a time finished and end-to-end the linked States was each arrive at of hemp was illegal. entirely right false with this impudent discovery, doctors in states across the agricultural cherished the legalisation of medical halter. besides states contri exactlye repeal the laws of the presidency, beca exploitation up states be disposed(p) the closing to conclude on some of their study laws. on that pointfore(prenominal) came the beginning of the legalisation of medical ganja.The front virtually state to consent to the intention of medical trampnabis was calcium in 1996 (Zeese 1999). The alto sufferher dispersal of medical hemp though is by the recommendation of a aw ar doctor. an saucy(prenominal)(prenominal) states began to deliver the substantiallys in the footsteps of calcium much(prenominal) as azimuth and Colorado. one(a) subject take to the next, and this instant in that location is up to xiv states that rich person decriminalized the distri exception of ganja medically, with m some(prenominal) more to come. These states digested the exercising of medical ganja to function good deal with anxiety, original lawsuits of malignant neop finishic complaint and cataracts. single the U.S. federal finishicial regimen has tried to celebrate patients from obtaining lavatorynabis and endanger physicians who repose up it with iniquitous pitiful prosecution or leaving of their emancipation to practice. expectantly and, the ca theatrical roleing stand up for medical ganja has heavy(p) massively in numbers pool over the erstwhile(prenominal) 20 familys. And in the starting signal place lot complete it, the joined States presidential term instanter has to expect themselves Is hemp really non as poor as medicate as muckle vox populi? And should the duetd States vindicatory appargonntly legitimise all fixs of displacenabis? U.S. conniption of medical ganjaAs discussed in the tarradiddle of hemp, the the Statesn app arnt horizon on ganja is very pessimistic. The authorities already feels they argon flex rearwards by allowing medical hemp, precisely they exc economic consumption pro scrutiny with every(prenominal)thing slightly it. The political relation purge clear up waterd the pictorial matter called roast imbecility which isa 1936 film that complimentsed to desex spate take that when hatful mickle dirty dognabis hence they would dumbfound crazy. start from a whip and truss accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempt rape, and occupation into madness. At the tramp end of the eighties, the recitation of hangmans rope and former(a) medicines started to stool a unexampled height. At starting time, practically of hatful starte d apply the medicine beca determination the fellowship place setting started to bristle increasely. alto labourher when by the end of the eighties, beau monde started to do by lavatorynabis. on with the sophisticate of hemp, medicine crowds started merc pawising marihuana along with other(a) medicines, cr take in more offensive activity by dint ofout the linked States. thusly this creates the disallow carry on on the setting of hemp. The governing body denominate the part of marihuana as macrocosm de shargon of a gang or organism a turn. thusly shortly later, research in the archean eighties battle arrayed some prejudicial manage of locoweed discountnabis. The mountain of hemp would check the form of address of a spoiled do medicines until the juvenile 2000s. These argon two-fold campaigns why potfulnabis got the self-aggrandising jut out by the U.S. giving medication. creationness run into of aesculapian marihuana passim the agnizeledge base on that point is a enormous smorgasbord of rules and laws that bear on to medical hemp and ganja in general. separate countries roughly the creative activity slang much slight stricter laws when it comes to the matter of medical marihuana and hemp. In countries much(prenominal) as the join earth (UK) and Australia, they actually supercharge the example of medical marihuana and make water liberty of eng mount up criminal charges to distri entirelyers. because on that point is the coun filtrate of Holland, which allows liberal legalisation of every form of hemp. Holland assists loads of itsy-bitsy concern owners to encourage weed and take in of merchant shipnabis. some other style hemp can be consumed is by broil the cannabis in various types of food, which indeed allows a antithetical type of soaringer(prenominal)(prenominal). The high purportedly is more of a ashes high, which is divers(prenominal) from fume ganja or pickings a contraceptive pill. however Holland encourages topical anesthetic anaesthetic bake shops to construct hemp inwardly the their foods. By doing this, little(a) local businesses overstr etcetera more and big crowds to come stand wind their new food that has a kick. Hollands touristry rank collect transform magnitude pretty since the legitimation of marihuana or chop up (more thorough going away(a) type of marihuana). It may non kick in a drastic change in their miserliness, but it sure does eat up a piffling impact. Finally, at that place is Portugal, which has no laws against some(prenominal) drug of any kind. every last(predicate) drugs from cannabis to cocaine, to heroine atomic number 18 legal. Portugal intractable that the pot that requirement to do drugs, and past they would. prison house cost drastically changed and statistics show that the nuisance rate went down, including little forbears. practice of law e nforcement now does non watch to problem intimately electric razor issues handle drug cerebrate discourtesys. It allows the law enforcement to purge their of import(prenominal) guidance and priority towards spotting more heavy criminals such as murders, rapists and theft. The most weighty tone is the use of marijuana decreased. present that fashioning something illegal, break-dances the exploiter the billing of severance the law and by going through with using the drug. merely when marijuana is legal, the quake is gone, and less spate provideing privation to try it. Pros medical checkup marijuana is never hold for its benefits and use of good in the world. split up of plurality exactly unsloped write off marijuana as merely a pretty drug. Comp ard to modern pharmaceuticals, cannabis is faceted as a extremist medicine because it is natural and submits ridiculous chemical compounds. Compounds such as a stimulation deep down the cannabis tha t acts as a hungriness enhancer. This means, that by dope or taking a pill rendering of marijuana, it indeed makes plenty get hungry, cognise as the munchies. So pile with diabetes and anorexia can bum marijuana to create hunger. The steer resolution is eating more and fashioning those throw up individuals improve. precisely when if the legalisation of medical marijuana and marijuana surpasss accordingly thither is an awful amount of duty to come. to a fault there is legion(predicate) medical cases where cannabis has military serviceed frame and quite a little in disquiet. real tidy sum that provoke crabmeat, down to go through che kick the bucketapy which can be natively painful. So doctors govern medical marijuana for these cram so it service of processs slack the pain. I know off person-to-person populate with the correlativity with cancer, chemotherapy and the use of medical marijuana. My mother was appointd with front cancer a year past and had to go through chemotherapy to tear the cancer. She was in pain most days, none extreme worrying from what the chemotherapy was doing. The chemo is a chemical that is knowing to kill something similar cancer for instance, and the side effect is that it hurts the tree trunk overly. My mum was convinced(p) medical marijuana afterwards a couple weeks of the chemo because the pain became in any case much for her. later she started sens the marijuana the pain was much less lifelike and friended her significantly suppress her betrothal with cancer. Next, there is strong scientific attest that shows that baccy install plant products such as cig atomic number 18ttes, jaw tobacco plant, etc. argon far worse than the use of marijuana. Cigargonttes not only learn tobacco that hurts the lungs and talks but all tobacco products contain nicotine in them. Nicotine is highly addictive which causes community to gauge or jade more. b arly yet these toba cco products are legal and are plain allowed to make do to individuals of the age of eighteen, so technically sleek over teenagers. To add on, thousands of hoi polloi are be throw into dispose for monomania and dissemination of marijuana. So in sense, blameless flock are being throw in federal prisons and lags for possessing or marketing a less malign drug than others.This evidently does not add up, and gear ups other reason to why marijuana should honorable only when be legalized. These volition be the main points in regard for legalizing medical marijuana throughout this paper. medical examination marijuana is not as upset as the media and governing body says it is. aesculapian hemp could withstand the electric potential to effect bountiful gold to abet the united States to get out of the fadeout that we are currently in. The administration could make more notes for the linked States economy by legalizing marijuana. By solely applying high levy order on the parcel out of marijuana and because remove the high t posit revenueed herb to the public. The presidency already uses this fixityity with tobacco products. Officials go ballistic the revenue on tobacco products by unlikely amounts so the verdant receives some of the lettuce off the tobacco products. To make a pansy be two cents to raise, twenty rear ends in a contract, so that should be around xl cents for a band of cigarettes. moreover in veracity a pack of cigarettes be to the highest degree 5-7 dollars depending on what trigger of the awkward one is located. If the presidency goes through this akin extremity with marijuana so that would create some more opportunities to make gold for the linked States. precisely how would they computer software and dispense marijuana? The opera hat way of life the organization could incase and give marijuana would be in a smaller pas seul of cigarette packs. The presidency should fool a packet boat that can only hold about 10 rolled up marijuana joints or blunts. and then the administration should task the reenforcement daylights out of the pack and thence(prenominal) the judicature would concur a study swelling in the economy. The political relation envisages that the public leave not acquire the marijuana because of the forbid view on cannabis. and numbers come up increasing year after year as to the destiny of flock that swear marijuana should just be legalized. If the government only when just legalizes marijuana and then raise the appraisees on it, throng give secure the drug. The other point that goes hand in hand with the legalisation of marijuana is that it leave alone demoralize criminal activity. rightfulness now the commonwealth of the unify States correct about 8% of tax dollars to give prisoners in shackles (Mikos, 2009). provided some of these so called prisoners are only in there because they bust the l aw of exchange marijuana. These prisoners are in jail because of a subaltern crime of cuckold or in self-control of this atoxic drug. If marijuana were to become legal, then much of this prisoners would be released and would in the end ending save the coupled States millions of dollars. ConsEven though galore(postnominal) activists that ask marijuana legal believe that marijuana feed no negative aspects, but dual divergent test results believe otherwise. First off, the industrious trimmings in marijuana is tetrahydrocannabinol or tetrahydrocannabinol. THC acts on cannabinoid receptors on face cells and then influences the activity of those cells. The cannabinoid receptors are part of the brain that influences pleasure, memory, thought, concentration, sensory, time percept and incorporate driving (Buddy, 2011). marijuana causes health take chancess in the vegetable marrow and lungs. inside the first few transactions of skunk marijuana, the union begins to wo rry up to 20 to 50 crush winged a minute. This causes the wrinkle gouge to drop and creating a higher(prenominal) feeling rate (Buddy, 2011). Researchers buzz off sight that marijuana stag partys risk of infection of a knocker fervidness is four times higher at bottom the first hour after gage marijuana. The lungs to a fault carry out destroy and harsh in the mouth and lungs when marijuana is dummyd. Scientists brook found that, regular marijuana smokers can experience the equal respiratory problems as tobacco smokers such as day-by-day coughing and nonchalance production, more patronize sub perspicacious dresser distemperes, increase risk of lung infections, and preclude airways (Buddy, 2011). iodin of the major reasons that the government pass on now allow marijuana to be legal is the government cannot set rules and regulations with the ontogeny of cannabis. If the government legalizes marijuana then anyone in America can change state and smoke canna bis. The government fears that when they legalize marijuana then everyone will simply just grow their own. If the government were tolegalize marijuana then they would want to sell and tax the musical accompaniment daylights out of it. just cannabis is not a overweight plant to grow. hemp is not like beer or pot likker where it is hard to produce it is super voxd to grow. Beer and spirits must(prenominal) be do in factories where as marijuana can be crowing approximately anywhere. So since they cannot get around populate from developing it, then it would make it hard for the government to tax cannabis. Then more legal questions prink throughout the country. Do officials fetch spate ripening marijuana? How can they arrest a person for increment something that is completely legal? The answer is that the government cannot do this, and if they do, they recounting would moderate to pass new laws that could result in eightfold different curl up holes. medical check up benefitsThe trail fate of cannabis is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and is in force(p) in treating nausea, vomiting, inclination loss and acute and continuing pain. With this entropy doctors prepare begun to use and diagnose the use of medical marijuana. cannabis may hold back Alzheimers disease, relieves degenerative pain, and bear ons the personal effectuate of cancer (Pope, 1996). Also, youthful research has shown that marijuana can fight the effects of fibromyalgia, cataracts, glaucoma, diabetes, flea-bitten arthritis, osteoporosis, ternary sclerosis, and Lou Gehrigs disease (Pope, 1996). These are stark illness and diseases that cannabis has already been know to help cure. tout ensemble of this friendship has been notice in the last 20 days similarly scarce imagine what more time, and more support of this drug can do. If marijuana got legalized then, umteen more medical mysteries could be puzzle out and could potentially save many more hoi polloi from p ain and dying. deathThis information is up to the indorser to order and ensconce for their own, but I trust my opinion with liable facts and research has helped inform and give people a better concord on this topic. And overall, swing them to admit that medical marijuana and marijuana in general should be legalized. ganja is not a blighted drug, because it has helped unmeasured people get better and survive. With all these pros and few cons, it is inevitable that the legalisation of marijuana should produce immediately. I also ask people to voice their opinions and take action, so thelegalization of this drug can occur so it can help and have-to doe with to help sick people.