Air pollution in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Air pollution in China - Essay Example country claiming that the country would continue to grow its economy relying on the energy inefficient industries and using the polluting agents (Feng, 1999). However, the studies claim that the cost of pollution would oppose the development a feature that has begun stagnating development endeavors in the country as the discussion below portrays. The introductory paragraph above states that pollution is costly and deters infrastructural development and economic growth in the country. China’s economy has grown within the last few years owing to the rapid industrialization of the country. China is among the largest consumers of fossil fuels in the world with most of the industries in the country running on petroleum products. While industrialization has fostered the economic growth of the country, such endeavors have contributed to different forms of pollution thus culminating in the current state of affairs. Currently, the rate of pollution has reached the highest level deterring visibility owing to fog. Such high levels of pollution have begun affect the country’s economic growth by making the country, a country that was once the leading global investment destination, lose on foreign investors most of who site the health implications of the intense pollution. Industries in China are the leading pollutants. The country has millions of industries that run of fossil fuels thereby emitting large amounts of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide among other poisonous gases. Cities in the northern parts of the country are more polluted than in any other parts of the country owing to high number of industries in such regions. China for example is the leading exporter of steal globally (Innes & Hassan, 2000). Steel and cement industries are among the companies located in the northern parts of the country. Cement and steel industries in the country contribute to pollution owing to the large-scale evacuation processes they carry out coupled with an equally large-scale

Pestel Analysis Essay Example for Free

Pestel Analysis Essay Australia is the 15th richest nation in per capita terms and is the 6th oldest continuously functioning democracy in the world. Australia has the 14th biggest overall economy in the world and the 9th biggest economy. Australia’s economy is open and innovative. Over the past decade solid productivity gains have been accompanied by low inflation and interest rates. Also Australia has low barriers to trade and investment .Australia foreign and trade policies promote the security and long term prosperity of Australia in a global context. Australia’s economy is highly susceptible to the impact of climate change. In 2008 the Australian Government committed to create an organization called â€Å"Infrastructure Australia† to provide a new national approach to planning ,implementing and funding the nations future. Being a safe, stable and prosperous country Australia is an increasingly attractive hub for international and regional business and business operations. Political environment In Australia, it is a liberal-capitalistic democracy. The state keeps interfering substantially in the economy through the use of various roles; for instance the parliament might decide to set up importation taxes aimed to protect the national economy, or it might create environmental protection laws aimed to protect the natural heritage of the country. This affects international business because when taxes keep varying and increasing especially there will be an impact on the economy which in turn will affect the exchange rates and currency rate. According to surveys Australias economy continued to gather pace in March as world demand for commodities boosted the nations coffers. However due to recent uncertainty from the European debt crisis could lower expectations of economic growth in the future.

Computer Viruses :: essays research papers

A computer virus is a relatively small program that attaches itself to data and program files before it delivers its malicious act. There are many distinct types of viruses and each one has a unique characteristic. Viruses are broken up into to main classes, file infectors and system or boot-record infectors. A file infector attaches to ordinary programs usually affecting .COM and .EXE files. These two files are subject to infection though some can infect any program from which execution is requested. On the other spectrum, system or boot-record infectors infect executable codes found in certain system areas on a disk, which are not ordinary files. Not only are there two main classes of viruses, but there are also many different types. A virus can be classified as a boot sector virus, a program virus, a trojan horse virus, a macro virus, a memory resident virus, a stealth virus, or a polymorphic virus. A boot sector virus replaces the startup code on a disk with a modified version, which is loaded into the memory when the computer is started. Program viruses attach to legitimate program files. After attachment the program file will then intercept the program’s execution and take control of the computer system. Trojan horse viruses are also legitimate programs that are advertised as something desirable, but are actually something that is undesirable. It performs an unauthorized destructive act on your computer when executed. They received their name from the mythical Trojan Horse that was delivered to the gates of the city Troy. Macro viruses are written in macro language of specific computer programs, such as Word or Excel. These viruses infect files when a program document is accessed, or triggered by user actions, such as certain keystrokes or menu choices. Memory resident viruses hide in memory and are difficult to detect. When the virus is in memory it will infect any uninfected file that is executed. A stealth virus hides their presence. They can infect a program by adding bytes to the infected file. It then subtracts the directory entry of the infected file by the same number of bytes. This gives the impression that the file’s size has not changed, therefore, antiviral programs can not detect them through these changes. Polymorphic viruses modify their appearance and scramble their code periodically. This allows them to replicate so that none of its copies are the same. These viruses also all have different characteristics.

Poems from the Kokinshu: A Literary Analysis Essay

Poems from the Kokinshu is an anthology of poems from the Japanese medieval times (Lawall. ed, 2002). The anthology is divided into different poems depicting human emotions as they vary season after season, or as people move into an entirely new environment. The principal theme of the poems revolve around the concept of love—the progression of feelings, the â€Å"entire course of the love affair, early yearnings, passionate meetings, sadness and regret† (Rodd and Henkenius, 1996). As each season, starting from spring, progresses, the emotions entailed in each poem also changes and develops. One of the principal stylistic features in the anthology is simile, wherein the author compares his feelings to his observation of what is happening in his environment. An example of simile is expressed in Poem II, 73: â€Å"like the world hollow as a cicada’s cast-off shell– oh cherry blossoms– you too will fade away just as we catch sight of your beauty† In this particular poem, the author compares his object of affection to a decaying shell of the cicada as the day turns into night. Simile occurs in several poems just like the said example. Another striking stylistic feature presented in the poem is antithesis, wherein the author expresses his emotions in contrast to his environment. In several poems wherein the prevailing emotion is grief, the author contrasts his feelings to the beauty of his environment. Here is an example from Poems 7 and 8 from the Spring Poems of the Kokinshu: â€Å"so longingly have I awaited the fresh flowers of spring, that they have dyed my soul and I see snow as clustered blooms on branches though I bask in the comforting warmth of spring’s light how melancholy to think that my hair now wears a crown of winter snow† Aside from the aforementioned poems being examples of antithesis, parts of them also suggest allegory. The phrases â€Å"they have dyed my soul† and â€Å"to think that my hair now wears a crown of winter snow† mean that the character in the poem is old and has white hair. The antithesis comes as he describes the warmth of spring in contrast to the cold winter which his body and soul are experiencing, i. e. , his old age. Given that the anthology was written and compiled in the Japanese medieval times, the concepts or theme presented in The Kokinshu are parallel to other literary works done in different parts of the world, such as the Medieval Lyrics of the English Literature. Though a significant number of these lyrics talk about Christianity and religion, most works are also written in the concept of love with a pretext of nature. An example of a Medieval Lyric similar to the theme of a Kokinshu poem is Westron Wind (Western Wind): â€Å"Westron wind, when will thou blow? The small rain down can rain. Christ, if my love were in my arms, And I in my bed again. † As said earlier, the prevailing concept tackled in the anthology is love and its accompanying emotions that were given color and described in comparison/contrast to nature and its seasons. The concept of love, though internationally recognized throughout the centuries and millennium, is somewhat a secondary concept in the 21st century. In this day and age, with all the prevailing issues such as technology, globalization and others, the concept of love is deemed unimportant to be tackled, although, it is indeed, as cliche dictates, the universal language. As Mario Vargas Llosa said, literature is â€Å"one of the common denominators of human experience through which human beings may recognize themselves and converse with each other, no matter how different their professions, their life plans, their geographical and cultural locations, their personal circumstances. † Although the concept of love is not deemed as important as business or political concepts nowadays, it still is a ruling emotion that affects each person. Any person who has loved or wanted to love, or even despised love, can relate to the verses of the Kokinshu, including myself. References Lawall, S. N. (Ed. ) (2002). The Norton Anthology of World Literature. New York: WW Norton & Co, Inc. Rodd, L. R. , & Henkenius, M. C. (Eds. ) (1996). Kokinshu: A Collection of Poems Ancient

Carrie Chapter Ten

She put the dress on for the first time on the morning of May 27, in her room. She had bought a special brassiere to go with it, which gave her breasts the proper uplift (not that they actually needed it) but left their top halves uncovered. Wearing it gave her a weird, dreamy feeling that was half shame and half defiant excitement. The dress itself was nearly floor-length. The skirt was loose, but the waist was snug, the material rich and unfamiliar against her skin, which was used only to cotton and wool. The hang of it seemed to be right – or would be, with the new shoes. She slipped them on, adjusted the neckline, and went to the window. She could see only a maddening ghost image of herself, but everything seemed to be right. Maybe later she could†¦ The door swung open behind her with only a soft snick of the latch, and Carrie turned to look at her mother. She was dressed for work, wearing her white sweater and holding her black pocketbook in one hand. In the other she was holding Daddy Ralph's Bible. They looked at each other. Hardly conscious of it, Carrie felt her back straighten until she stood straight in the patch of early spring sunshine that fell through the window. ‘Red,' Momma murmured. ‘I might have known it would be red.' Carrie said nothing. ‘I can see your dirtypillows. Everyone will. They'll be looking at your body. The Book says-‘ ‘Those are my breasts, Momma. Every woman has them.' ‘Take of that dress,' Momma said. ‘No.' ‘Take it of, Carrie. We'll go down and bum it in the incinerator together, and then pray for forgiveness. We'll do penance.' Her eyes began to sparkle with the strange disconnected zeal that came over her at events which she considered to be tests of faith. ‘I'll stay home from work and you'll stay home from school. We'll pray. We'll ask for a sign. We'll get us down on our knees and ask for the Pentecostal Fire.' ‘No, Momma.' Her mother reached up and pinched her own face. It left a red mark. She looked to Carrie for reaction, saw none, hooked her right hand into claws and ripped it across her own cheek, bringing thin blood. She whined and rocked back on her heels. Her eyes glowed with exultation. ‘Stop hurting yourself, Momma. That's not going to make me stop either.' Momma screamed. She made her right hand a fist and struck herself in the mouth, bringing blood. She dabbled her fingers in it, looked at it dreamily, and daubed a spot on the cover of the Bible. ‘Washed in the Blood of the Lamb,' she whispered. ‘Many times. Many times he and-‘ ‘Go away, Momma.' She looked up at Carrie, her eyes glowing. There was a terrifying expression of righteous anger graven on her face. ‘The Lord is not mocked,' she whispered. ‘Be sure your sin will find you out. Burn it, Carrie! Cast that devil's red from you and burn it! Burn it! Burn it!' The door slammed open by itself. ‘Go away, Momma.' Momma smiled. Her bloody mouth made the smile grotesque, twisted. ‘As Jezebel fell from the tower, let it be with you,' she said. ‘And the dogs came and licked up the blood. It's in the Bible! It's-‘ Her feet began to slip along the floor and she looked down at them, bewildered. The wood might have turned to ice. ‘Stop that!' She screamed. She was in the hall now. She caught the doorjamb and held on for a moment; then her fingers were torn loose, seemingly by nothing. ‘I love you, Momma,' Carrie said steadily. ‘I'm sorry.' She envisioned the door swinging shut, and the door did just that, as if moved by a light breeze. Carefully, so as not to hurt her, she disengaged the mental hands she had pushed her mother with. A moment later, Margaret was pounding on the door. Carrie held it shut, her lips trembling. ‘There's going to be a judgment!' Margaret White raved. ‘I wash my hands of it! I tried!' ‘Pilate said that,' Carrie murmured. Her mother went away. A minute later Carrie saw her go down the walk and cross the street on her way to work. ‘Momma,' she said softly, and put her forehead on the glass. From The Shadow Exploded (p. 129): Before turning to a more detailed analysis of Prom Night itself, it might be well to sum up what we know of Carrie White the person. We know that Carrie was the victim of her mother's religious mania. We know that she possessed a latent telekinetic talent, commonly referred to as TK. We know that this led ‘wild talent' is really a hereditary trait, produced by a gene that is usually recessive, if present at all. We suspect that the TK ability may be glandular in nature. We know that Carrie produced at least one demonstration of her ability as a small girl when she was put into an extreme situation of guilt and stress. We know that a second extreme situation of guilt and stress arose from a shower-room hazing incident. It has been theorized (especially by W.G. Throneberry and Julia Givens, Berkeley) that resurgence of the TK ability at this point was caused by both psychological factors (i.e. the reaction of the other girls and Carrie herself to their first menstrual period) and physiological factors (i.e., the advent of puberty). And finally, we know that on Prom Night, a third sum situation arose, causing the terrible events which we now must begin to discuss. We will begin with †¦ (i am not nervous not a bit nervous) Tommy had called earlier with her corsage, and now she was pinning it to the shoulder of her gown herself. There was no momma, of course, to do it for her and make sure it was in the right place, Momma had locked herself in the chapel and had been in there for the last two hours, praying hysterically. Her voice rose and fen in frightening, incoherent cycles. (I'm sorry momma but I can't be sorry) When she had it fixed to her satisfaction, she dropped her hands and stood quietly for a moment with her eyes closed. There was no full-length mirror in the house. (vanity vanity all is vanity) but she thought she was all. right. She had to be. She- She opened her eyes again. The Black Forest cuckoo clock, bought with Green Stamps, said seven-ten. (he'll be here in twenty minutes) Would he? Maybe it was all just an elaborate joke, the final crusher, the ultimate punch line. To leave her sitting here half the night in her crushed-velvet prom gown with its princess waistline, juliet sleeves and simple straight skirt – and her tea roses pinned to her left shoulder. From the other room, on the rise now; ‘. . . in hallowed earth! We know thou bring'st the Eye That Watcheth, the hideous three-lobbed eye, and the sound of black trumpets. We most heartily repent-‘ Carrie did not think anyone could understand the brute courage it had taken to reconcile herself to this, to leave herself open to whatever fearsome possibilities the night might realize. Being stood up could hardly be the worst of them. In fact, in a kind of sneaking, wishful way she thought it might be for the best if (no stop that) Of course it would be easier to stay here with Momma. Safer. She knew what They thought of Momma. Well, maybe Momma was a fanatic, a freak, but at least she was predictable, the house was predictable. She never came home to laughing, shrieking girls who threw things. And if he didn't come, if she drew back and gave up? High school would be over in a month. Then what? A creeping. subterranean existence in this house, supported by Momma, watching game shows and soap operas all day on television at Mrs Garrison's house when she had Carrie In To Visit (Mrs Garrison was eighty-six), walking down to the Centre to get a malted after supper at the Kelly Fruit when it was deserted, getting fatter, losing hope, losing even the power to think? No. Oh dear God, please no. (please let it be a happy ending) ‘-protect us from he with the split foot who waits in the alleys and in the parking lots of roadhouses, O Saviour-‘ Seven twenty-five. Restlessly, without thinking she began to lift objects with her mind and put them back down, the way a nervous woman awaiting someone in a restaurant will fold and unfold her napkin. She could dangle half a dozen objects in air at one time, and not a sign of tiredness or headache. She kept waiting for the power to abate, but it remained at high water with no sign of waning. The other night on her way home from school, she had rolled a parked car (oh please god let it not be a joke) twenty feet down the main street curb with no strain at all. The courthouse idlers had stared at it as if their eyes would pop out, and of course she stared too, but she was smiling inside. The cuckoo popped out of the clock and spoke once. Seven-thirty. She had grown a little wary of the terrific strain using the power seemed to put on her heart and lungs and internal thermostat. she suspected it would be all too possible for her heart to literally burst with the strain. It was like being in another's body and forcing her to run and run and run. You would not pay the cost yourself; the other body would. She was beginning to realize that her power was perhaps not so different from the powers of Indian fakirs, who stroll across hot coals, run needles into their eyes, or blithely bury themselves for periods up to six weeks. Mind over matter in any form is a terrific drain on the body's resources. Seven thirty-two. (he's not coming) (don't think about it a watched pot doesn't boil hell Come) (no he won't he's out laughing at you with his friends and after a little bit they'll drive by in one of their fast noisy cars laughing and hooting and yelling) Miserably, she began lifting the sewing machine up and down, swinging it in widening arcs throught the air. ‘-and protect us also from rebellious daughters imbued with the willfulness of the Wicked One-‘ ‘Shut up!' Carrie screamed suddenly. There was startled silence for a moment, and then the babbling chant began again. Seven thirty-three. Not coming (then i'll wreck the house) The thought came to her naturally and cleanly. First the sewing machine, driven through the living room wall. The couch through a window. Tables, chairs, books and tracts all flying, the plumbing ripped loose and still spurting, like arteries ripped free of flesh. The roof itself, if that were within her power, shingles exploding upward into the night like startled pigeons Lights splashed gaudily across the window. Other cars had gone by, making her heart leap a little, but this one was going much more slowly. (O) She ran to the window, unable to restrain herself, and it was him, Tommy, just climbing out of his car, and even under the street light he was handsome and alive and almost †¦ crackling. The odd word made her want to giggle. Momma had stopped praying. She grabbed her fight silken wrap from where it had lain across the back of her chair and put it around her bare shoulders. She bit her lip, touched her hair, and would have sold her soul for a mirror. The buzzer in the hall made its harsh cry. She made herself wait, controlling the twitch in her hands, for the second buzz Then she went slowly, with silken swish. She opened the door and he was there, nearly blinding in white dinner jacket and dark dress pants. They looked at each other, and neither said a word. She felt that her heart would break if he uttered so much as the wrong sound, and if he laughed she would die. She felt -actually, physically-her whole miserable life narrow to a point that might be an end or the beginning of a widening beam. Finally, helpless, she said: ‘Do you like me?' He said: ‘You're beautiful.' She was. From The Shadow Exploded (p. 131): While those going to the Ewen Spring Ball were gathering at the high school or just leaving pre-Prom buffets, Christine Hargensen and William Nolan had met in a room above a local town-limits tavern called The Cavalier. We know that they had been meeting there for some time; that is in the records of the White Commission. What we don't know is whether their plans were complete and irrevocable or if they went ahead almost on whim †¦ ‘Is it time yet?' She asked him in the darkness. He looked at his watch. ‘No.' Faintly, through the board floor, came the thump of the juke playing She's Got To Be a Saint, by Ray Price. The Cavalier, Chris reflected, hadn't changed their records since the first time she'd been there with a forged ID two years ago. Of course then she'd been down in the taprooms, not on one of Sam, Deveaux's ‘specials.' Billy's cigarette winked fitfully in the dark, like the eye of an uneasy demon. She watched it introspectively. She hadn't let him sleep with her until last Monday, when he had promised that he and his greaser friends would help her pull the string on Carrie White if she actually dared to go to the Prom with Tommy Ross. But they had been here before, and had had some pretty hot necking going on – what she thought of as Scotch love and what he would call, in his unfailing ability to pinpoint the vulgar the – dry humps. She had meant to make him wait until he had actually done something, (but of course he did he got the blood) but it had all begun to slip out of her hands, and it made heir uneasy. If she had not given in willingly on Monday, he would have taken her, by force. Billy had not been her first lover, but he was the first she could not dance and dandle at her whim. Before him her boys had been clever marionettes with clear, pimple-free faces and parents with connections and country-club memberships. They drove their own VWs or Javelins or Dodge Chargers. They went to UMass or Boston College. They wore fraternity windbreakers in the fall and muscle-shirts with bright stripes in the summer. They smoked marijuana a great deal and talked about the funny things that happened to them when they were wrecked. They began by treating her with patronizing good fellowship (all high school girls, no matter how good-looking, were Bush League) and always ended up trotting after her with panting, doglike lust. If they trotted long enough and spent enough in the Process she usually let them go to bed with her. Quite often she lay passively beneath them, not helping or hindering, until it was over. Later, she achieved her own solitary climax while viewing the inc ident as a single closed loop of memory. She had met Billy Nolan following a drug bust at a Cambridge apartment. Four students, including Chris's date for the evening had been busted for possession. Chris and the other girls were charged with being present there. Her father took care of it with quiet efficiency, and asked her if she knew what would happen to his image and his practice if his daughter was taken up on a drug charge. She told him that she doubted if anything could hurt either one, and he took her car away.

French Phrases Related to Mardi Gras

French Phrases Related to Mardi Gras Mardi Gras is an annual celebration called le mardi gras (literally, Fat Tuesday) or le carnaval in French. It is celebrated all around the world. Les Dates de Mardi Gras (Mardi Gras Dates) Mardi Gras takes place 46 days before Easter (le Pà ¢ques) - that is, sometime between February 3 and March 9. Mardi Gras is the day before Lent (le carà ªme), which begins on Ash Wednesday (le mercredi des Cendres). The most famous Mardi Gras celebration is held in New Orleans (la Nouvelle-Orlà ©ans), but many cities in Europe and the Americas also put on spectacular events. Les Couleurs de Mardi Gras (Mardi Gras Colors) Mardi Gras has three official colors:le violet  Ã‚  Ã‚  purple (justice)lor  Ã‚  Ã‚  gold (power)le vert  Ã‚  Ã‚  green (faith) Les Traditions de Mardi Gras (Mardi Gras Traditions) Mardi Gras is traditionally celebrated with a parade led by a captain, during which trinkets, or throws, are tossed to the crowd. The parade is followed by a costume ball presided over by a king and queen. Le Vocabulaire de Mardi Gras (Mardi Gras Vocabulary) une babiole  Ã‚  Ã‚  trinketun bal masquà ©Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  costume ballun bijou  Ã‚  Ã‚  jewelle capitaine  Ã‚  Ã‚  captainun char  Ã‚  Ã‚  floatun collier  Ã‚  Ã‚  necklaceun costume  Ã‚  Ã‚  costumele courir  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mardi gras runune couronne  Ã‚  Ã‚  crownun dà ©filà ©Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  paradeun dà ©guisement  Ã‚  Ã‚  disguiseun doublon  Ã‚  Ã‚  doubloonune effigie  Ã‚  Ã‚  effigyun feu de joie  Ã‚  Ã‚  bonfireun flambeau  Ã‚  Ã‚  torchla foule  Ã‚  Ã‚  crowdun krewe  Ã‚  Ã‚  krewe (Mardi gras organizer)un mardi gras  Ã‚  Ã‚  a person who really gets into celebrating Mardi grasle masque  Ã‚  mask (make a Mardi gras mask)une paillette  Ã‚  Ã‚  sequinune perle  Ã‚  Ã‚  beadla plume  Ã‚  Ã‚  featherla reine  Ã‚  Ã‚  queenle roi  Ã‚  Ã‚  kingFrench expressions with mardi gras Le Slogan de Mardi Gras (Mardi Gras Slogan) Mardi Gras slogan is Let the good times roll, which is translated literally into French as Laissez les bons temps rouler.

Plant Germination and Propagation essays

Plant Germination and Propagation essays Sexual propagation involves the union of the pollen (male) with the egg (female) to produce a seed. The seed is made up of three parts: the outer seed coat, which protects the seed; the endosperm, which is a food reserve; and the embryo, which is the young plant itself. When a seed is mature and put in a favorable environment, it will germinate, or begin active growth. Germination is a biochemical process that involves the activation of many chemical reactions. This happens in three stages. The first stage of seed germination involves the uptake of water. This is called imbibition. During imbibition the protein synthesizing systems are activated and various enzymes are synthesized. These enzymes catalyze reactions used in the second stage of germination. The second stage of germination involves the breakdown of the stored energy rich compounds of the cotyledons and endosperm. The second stage is a period of readying the embryo for rapid growth during the third stage. This is the Lag sphere. During the third stage of germination, cell division begins and the embryo grows into a seedling. The first growth occurs in the radicle and the root system is established. There are environmental factors which affect germination. The first step in the germination process is the imbibition or absorption of water. Even though seeds have great absorbing power due to the nature of the seed coat, the amount of available water in the germination medium affects the uptake of water. An adequate, continuous supply of water is important to ensure germination. Once the germination process has begun, a dry period will cause the death of the embryo. Light is known to stimulate or to inhibit germination of some seed. The light reaction involved here is a complex process. In all viable seed, respiration takes place. The respiration in dormant seed is low, but some oxygen is required. The respiration rate increases ...

Micropachycephalosaurus - Facts and Figuress

Micropachycephalosaurus - Facts and Figuress Name: Micropachycephalosaurus (Greek for tiny thick-headed lizard); pronounced MY-cro-PACK-ee-SEFF-ah-low-SORE-us Habitat: Woodlands of Asia Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (80-70 million years ago) Size and Weight: About two feet long and 5-10 pounds Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Small size; bipedal posture; unusually thick skull    About Micropachycephalosaurus The nine-syllable name Micropachycephalosaurus may sound like a mouthful, but its not so bad if you break it down into its constituent Greek roots: micro, pachy, cephalo, and saurus. That translates into tiny thick-headed lizard, and fittingly, Micropachycephalosaurus seems to have been the smallest of all the known pachycephalosaurs (otherwise known as bone-headed dinosaurs). For the record, one of the dinosaurs with the shortest given namesMeiwas also bite-sized; make of that what you will! But hold the Jurassic phone: despite its imposing name, Micropachycephalosaurus may turn out not to have been a pachycephalosaur at all, but a very small (and very basal) ceratopsian, or horned, frilled dinosaur. In 2011, paleontologists closely examined the bone-headed dinosaur family tree and were unable to find a convincing place for this multisyllabic dinosaur; they also re-examined the original fossil specimen of Micropachycephalosaurus, and were unable to confirm the existence of a thickened skull (that part of the skeleton was missing from the museum collection). What if, despite this recent classification, Micropachycephalosaurus is re-re-assigned as a true bonehead? Well, because this dinosaur has been reconstructed from a single, incomplete fossil discovered in China (by the famous paleontologist Dong Zhiming), the possibility looms that it may one day be downgradedthat is, paleontologists will agree that its another type of pachycephalosaur entirely. (The skulls of pachycephalosaurs changed as these dinosaurs aged, meaning that a juvenile of a given genus is often incorrectly assigned to a new genus). If Micropachycephalosaurus winds up losing its place in the dinosaur record books, some other multisyllabic dinosaur (possibly Opisthocoelicaudia) will rise up to assume the worlds longest name title.

Special-Needs Offender Programs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Special-Needs Offender Programs - Research Paper Example According to estimates, mental illness affects 50 percent of the population in U.S. prisons (DeGroot, 2015). The high population leads to overcrowding in prison because of the high population. As a result, mentally ill inmates may be put under solitary confinement and may not receive adequate mental health medical attention. Mentally retarded offenders require treatment in facilities that can adequately address the issues affecting them. The treatment helps in their rehabilitation (Lamberti, Weisman, & Faden, 2014). Crime close relates to substance or drug abuse. Most offenders in prisons committed crimes while under the influence of intoxicants. Such offenders should be given specialized attention during their detention and incarceration. Formulation of rehabilitation is necessary to provide the necessary help to drug users (Atabay, 2009). The main challenge that substance abusers face is the fact that prisons in the U.S. serve many prisoners. The provision of services to many offenders makes it difficult to single out substance abusers in order to rehabilitate them. A sexual offence by definition is an unwanted sexual encounter between two or more adults or minors. The sexual offence may involve actual contact or no contact. Sexual offenders are individuals who engage in such activities. Unfortunately, sex-related crimes are quite common in the U.S (Sample & Kandleck, 2008).Estimates have it that one out of five girls faces sexual abuse before attaining adult age. In the case of boys, it is one out of seven (CSOM, 2015). Women offenders are also under the special-needs offender categories. The reason for this is the fact that women have psychiatric attributes that make them different from male offenders. For this reason, women detention is done in specific correctional institutions. As at 2010, there were 113,000 women facing incarceration in the correctional

Any engineering ethical issue happend in the LAST TWO MONTHS Essay

Any engineering ethical issue happend in the LAST TWO MONTHS - Essay Example At a distance of about 1500 miles towards the west of Cape Town in South Africa, oil spill occurred in the south Atlantic that put millions of Northern Rockhopper penguins’ life in danger (â€Å"Fragile Earth† 1). In the present time, the most rare and endangered Penguin specie is the Rockhopper Penguin. The very specie ha been affected the most by this incident. It is quite likely that this incident becomes sufficient to make this specie completely extinct. Tons of diesel fuel and crude oil have soaked their furs and blocked their nostrils. A lot of penguins have died since the spill occurred. This is the most severe oil spill that has occurred in 2011 and is a potential issue of engineering ethics. The oil discharging company remained highly unethical in its practice. In this course, we have been taught that engineers should discharge the waste in ways that are environment friendly. The oil spill in the south Atlantic was totally unfriendly towards the environment. Wo rks Cited: â€Å"Fragile Earth: Oil Spill, March 16 2011, Threatens world's most endangered species of Penguin.† 2011. Web. 3 May. 2011. . Harris, Charles E., Davis, Michael, Pritchard, Michael S., and Rabins, Michael J. â€Å"Engineering Ethics: What? Why? How? And When.† Journal of Engineering Education. (1996): 93-96. Web. 3 May. 2011.

During the 20th century, african americans Civil Rights received Essay

During the 20th century, african americans Civil Rights received profound social and cultural change - Essay Example Revolution and other forceful approaches were the best options for the black Americans to express their plights. In 1956, Martin Luther King Jr. confronted methodological and ideological challenges through advocacy and Civil Rights Movements. The challenges focused on philosophical key tenets that formed the basis of Civil Rights Movement. The first sentiments promoted by the advocates of black power were integration and non-violence. Various SNCC’s and CORE’s black activists advocated re-evaluation of the influence created by civil rights proponents. White advisors as murders of black workers took place without being noticed (Ongiri 102). Ideologies of black activists and tenets of Black Power ideologies prompted a new sense of pride and identity. Consequently, black Americans insisted that America refer to them as Afro-Americans, not as Negroes. Further, in 1960’s, black Americans boasted of the privilege of adopting a similar dressing code to that of white Americans. The 1963 match to Washington was iconic in the history of advocacy for human rights in America. Organizers from Greenwood Mississippi, Willie Ricks, who swore to enhance Black Power ideologies to a different level in 1966. Ricks instituted, among blacks, the spirit of getting armed and ready for confrontations against white supremacists such as the Ku Klux Klan. As a result, black Americans armed themselves against the Ku Klux Klan armed terrorists and prepared for the worst including death. Finally, the activities of Klan within the community ceased. In 1966, the existence of Black Panther was a notable influence that prompted reforms. It informed Black Power ideologies and best practices about their broadest public platforms. The Black Panthers advocated through all necessary principles to eliminate and eradicate racial inequality that existed between black and white Americans. Police brutality against black neighborhoods reduced. Leather jackets, light blue shirts, and black power

Feeding America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Feeding America - Essay Example Before the process started, a prayer was meditated from one of the group members and immediately we began the sorting. The objective of the event was to finish the process within a period of four hours but what I observed; some colleagues were not working towards the stated goal because they involved in the non-event businesses. The project was evolved and transformed through item end time. The faster the group was done with the assignment, the earlier it left the site. From my group, we worked towards the targeted schedule by focusing all our attention on the allocated task. From the organization, I discovered that there is more need for more organizations to support the needy in the society because I found that the only company is going to satisfy all needs of the people living there. The company that was volunteering had the limited personnel to assist in the package and to distribute the food the interested parties (Corbett, 2013). Again, the shortage of funds from the volunteering company was another challenge I discovered. About the service, the initial undertaking made my thoughts wonder if the learning project would be a successful one. The starting was somehow boring and complicated. Eventually, the event went hand in hand with the content course due to the interactive nature we had in linked with the course of study I take. The structure of the organization stressed more on social aspects and developmental strategies. My contribution to the event motivated many because of my interactive nature the children who were present stated that I will be their future role model. The event impacted positively in that the company had to submit the food earlier compared to the other events when they had less manpower to package and distribute the food. Event communications were through mobile phones but at minimal instances because of the completion objective. As a result this minimal communication, to me I

Discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 85

Discussion - Assignment Example Covering such cases ensures that people understand their vulnerability to stalkers thus acting appropriately to protect themselves from such criminals. The coverage of the woman who entered a man’s house illegally portrays the lack luster attitude the society adopts in addressing such crimes despite their importance and the danger they present. The two websites weird News and Mail Online are blogs that do not enjoy any immense traffic. The mainstream media avoided the story thus leaving it for gutter press and blog both of which thrive on sensational reporting. Such media write adopt an entertaining angle to a story instead of informing their target audience. The society must therefore change its attitude and strive to enhance security by observing the dynamic structure of insecurity in the society. Stalking from jilted lovers always turn harmful owing to the emotions that arise from such engagements (Dobbert, 2004). The woman in both cases risked her life and nearly died. She did not only cause harm to herself but also threatened the life of her victim since no one understood her intentions for seeking the illegal entry int o the

Feeding America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Feeding America - Essay Example Before the process started, a prayer was meditated from one of the group members and immediately we began the sorting. The objective of the event was to finish the process within a period of four hours but what I observed; some colleagues were not working towards the stated goal because they involved in the non-event businesses. The project was evolved and transformed through item end time. The faster the group was done with the assignment, the earlier it left the site. From my group, we worked towards the targeted schedule by focusing all our attention on the allocated task. From the organization, I discovered that there is more need for more organizations to support the needy in the society because I found that the only company is going to satisfy all needs of the people living there. The company that was volunteering had the limited personnel to assist in the package and to distribute the food the interested parties (Corbett, 2013). Again, the shortage of funds from the volunteering company was another challenge I discovered. About the service, the initial undertaking made my thoughts wonder if the learning project would be a successful one. The starting was somehow boring and complicated. Eventually, the event went hand in hand with the content course due to the interactive nature we had in linked with the course of study I take. The structure of the organization stressed more on social aspects and developmental strategies. My contribution to the event motivated many because of my interactive nature the children who were present stated that I will be their future role model. The event impacted positively in that the company had to submit the food earlier compared to the other events when they had less manpower to package and distribute the food. Event communications were through mobile phones but at minimal instances because of the completion objective. As a result this minimal communication, to me I

Research6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research6 - Essay Example The â€Å"Honeyed Nougat Miracle† is extremely significant in the Rainbows End since it highlights some of the delusions that will be part of the upcoming digital technologies that the reader may need to take caution upon (Vinge 4). Vinge highlights the reactions of Dr Xiuxiang and Robert Gu on the label â€Å"No user serviceable parts within†, boldly embedded on the black boxes (literally to imply the encapsulated forms of the technological devices hardware and software) that were complex and permanently fixed (they could not be altered or replaced). Gu and Xiuxiang were perplexed because the black boxes were not operating as they needed them to and still were unable to change or replace them(Vinge 58). Robert Gu was astounded by the life-prolonging technologies which restored his health back to normalcy after battling with Alzheimer (Vinge 52). The phrase â€Å"that was the genius insight of this dark morning, the conclusion he had evaded every day since he was brought back from the dead† reveal the convenience and intelligence accompanying the contemporaneous technologies was astounding. For instance, Robert Gu’s health was restored in a flash (which he calls magic), and he regained his youthful body once again. At the moment, many competent professionals have crowded the job market and, as a result, the selection criteria for selecting candidates for specific careers has diversified, leaving many qualified candidates below the expected cut off specifications. In addition, as many global activists push for minimal wage increase, vast employment seekers have key preferences for the careers they seek in the job market (such as the jobs which match what they studied in college). Their preferences may, unfortunately, be unavailable in the job market and therefore ending up being jobless. Also, most careers need diverse skills. These skills are constantly changing for distinct, unique careers. Most employees, unable to cope with the changing

The Beach Essay Example for Free

The Beach Essay On a hot summer day the best place to be is the Beach. Have you ever been so hot you could melt, and just want to play in the cold, salty ocean? I have! The best felling is the wet, grainy, sand between your toes. When you go to the beach all you see is the clear blue ocean, colorful umbrellas, and the silky white seagulls. But be careful, the seagulls will eat your food right out of your hands! Who doesn’t like the beach? If youre looking for a quiet relaxation at the beach, I dont think that will work out too well. Though out the day all you hear are the clear blue wave’s crash against the rough yellow sand, the loud motors of the boats, and the laughter of children everywhere. But in the morning or at night the beach could be quite relaxing. If you want to just relax and watch the beautiful sunrise, while the breeze blows your hair back the beach in the morning is perfect for you. The beach has many different interesting smells. There’s the smell of fruity coconut suntan lotion, the salty ocean, and the smell of delicious smores being roasted over the fire. At the beach you can also smell the dirty fish in the sea. With the bright sun shining down on you, you will forget all about the bad smelling fish. Other than the smell of fish all the other smells are really delightful. I love the beach! All of the smells, sights and felling of being at the beach are the best. The beach is a lot of fun. It is also a good place to go with your family and friends. As you can see there are a lot of good things about the beach. If you have never been to the beach you don’t know what you’re missing. Alexis Gonzalez

HR and Line Managers Management Essay

HR and Line Managers Management Essay It is pertinent to start this essay by attempting to define the role and relevance of HR Managers and line managers in an organization.  human resource management is a management function that enables managers to train ,recruit select and develop the members of an organization (Aswathappa, k,2007). HR managers are managers responsible for delivery of basic HRM services such as recruiting, hiring, training, organizational development, coaching, employee relation, communication, leadership, advice, salary and benefits, team building of staffs within an organization including the well-being of people and relationship between management and employees (Susan, H, 2012).On the other hand, line managers are managers that are responsible for the administrative management of individuals, direct management of staffs within an organization and the supervision and discipline of their employees and performance appraisal (John ,F ,2012)  .It must also be noted that line managers have the power to influence the employees behavior (cascio,2008;cited in faisal et al ,2011). Apparently, there is a distinction between the responsibilities of a HR manager and that of a Line manager. While the former serves to engage labour, the latter deals with labour. However, there is a compelling need for Interaction between the HR mangers and line managers.   Interaction between the HR mangers and line managers The need for interaction between the HR manager and the line manager cannot be overemphasized. It is very essential within an organization and a research carried out by Stockton Borough Council (2011) showed that there is an existing culture of both managers working together to address people management responsibilities. The research also showed that line managers were ready to take up more responsibities to deal with poor staff performance without direct access to HR support and going through the required training on the task like conflict management.   For an organization to be fit for current and future challenges, Line managers have to be involved in the development and review of HR policies (Liz,F. 2012). Furthermore, mark et al (2012) pointed out that the establishment of corporate agility and its basic cultural responsibilities require a close and adequate interaction between the HR manager and line manager. HR sets up new policies and systems but the line manager is responsible for the application of these practices and policies. Technically, the  HRM proposes while the line manager disposes (Armstrong ,M ,2012) In view of the above, it is safe to conclude that for a high level of organizational performance to be achieved, there has to be a structured implementation of these policies. The onus lie on the line manager to implement thus he occupies a very important position in the organizational structure (Michael , A ,2012). MacDonald, L (2012) argued that in small businesses without a HR specialist, the line managers can take up the responsibility of recruiting and management of staff. Even in larger businesses where there is a HR specialist or department to oversee the employee management policies and practices, the line manager still plays a major role in the implementation of HR initiatives.   In addition, Mayhew, R.(2012) pointed out that the HR and   line manager interact together to handle and execute certain activities such as department staffing, workforce strategy, performance management, and conflict management in the organization. The main reason why both managers work together is because they share a common interest of ensuring that the company is successful. The line manager thus becomes very effective in the tactical aspect of HR while the HR manager has more time to focus and work on the strategic aspect of HR management (Mayhew, R,2012).   The ultimate goal is that the interaction between the HR manager and the line manager brings in the concept of HR business partnering.   According to Ulrich, D Brokebank ,B. (2008) the concept of HR business partnering is for HR professionals to collaborate with line managers or business leaders to achieve a common objective ,specifically in the designation and implementation of HR systems and processes that support strategic business and in restructuring of business strategy and transformation of the HR.However, there has been an overlap of power between the HR and the line manager. It has been established that the operational aspect of HR management is the reason behind the relationship among the two managers. Some models such as the three legged stool model and the four-role model which operate together under the same principles was invented by Dave Ulrich. It has helped to explain the HR business partnering and the interaction between HR managers and line managers (ken,2011). Furthermore, notwithstanding that the HR department is totally responsible for the HRM activities,  line managers share same responsibilities. Line managers have the power to influence the employees behavior which is the reason for the HR-line manager relationship. Truss and Gratton (1994) pointed out that line managers play a crucial role in coordinating the resources that enable an organization achieve its goal. In other words, it is absolutely necessary for a line manager to understand how HR practices and procedures are conducted so as to ensure a successful implementation of HR in an organization.   (Huchison and Purcell, 2003; cited in Faisal et al, 2011). In addition, line managers are dependent on the HR managers for assistance in knowledge sharing and facilitation and for this to be achieved there has to be series of work relationships between the both of them (Macneil ,2003;cited in faisal,2011). line managers can also achieve full integration of the HR into a companys real work through working in partnernership with the HR therefore leaving the HR totally responsible for the delivery of organizational excellence (Ulrich, 2008) .The HR is way too big and important to be left just for the specialist therefore it is required of the line manager to take up a role on development of peoples performance they have to manage (hearty and morley,1995;cited in Faisal et al ,2012). According to Ulrich, D. Brokebank ,B.(2011)The three- legged model is based on three basic components viz: the HR shared services ,HR centres of excellence and the HR business partners. This model helps to assign and explain the roles of the HR specialist, line mangers. It gives reasons and shows how the business partnering play a role in restructuring of the HR (ken,2011). Furthermore, the HR shared services is a single large unit responsible for handling all routine transactional services that include payroll, provision of corporate services and advices based on employee relations across the organizations, absence monitoring and the recruitment and routine administration (mark et al,2010). Centre of excellence involves a team of HR professionals that have a deep knowledge on the leading-edge HR solutions. The major role is the use of the HR innovations to give businesses a competitive advantage and HR business partners which involves the HR professionals working together with the line managers to steer and influence strategy and its implementation (cipd, 2011). Integration of the business and HR strategies According to Briggs and Keogh (2001) the integration of business and HR strategies is the key tool in achieving business excellence. A previous study by the Aberdeen group (2009) has shown that the best way that organizations and businesses can overcome economic instability and dilemma caused by the economic downturn is by the HR executives collaborating closely with the business managers to understand business success criteria by aligning their human capital management priorities with the overall business objectives and goals. This study also pointed out that the HR has to collaborate with business managers to be able to determine the appropriate HR strategy needed for a strong and effective business outcome (Fabugais, C ,2011) . A case study on McDonalds has shown that high quality products require quality people to produce, design and deliver them and, therefore for a business like McDonalds that offers a large element of personal service to maintain its reputation it has to focus more on HRM in terms of recruiting high quality employees and have the ability to train and retain its staffs (The times 100.2012). McDonalds has been one of the largest and fastest growing global restaurant with their success directly linked to the their ability to implement HR practices in terms of recruitment and training policies designed specifically to attract, identify, develop and retain high number of staffs needed for the business. Customer satisfaction can be linked to the effectiveness, attitudes and abilities of employees to provide those services that attract and satisfy customers (The times 100.2012). According to Sung, J. and Ashton ,D (2002) high performance work practices is one of the HR strategies implemented in businesses that has brought positive and organizational outcomes. This HR strategy is categorized into three different components viz: the high employee involvement practices which is focused on encouraging communication and trust between employees through quality circles; self-directed teams and by giving them access to the company information followed by the human resource practices (HRP) that involves a highly sophisticated processes of recruitment of employees, work mentoring and design and performance appraisals. It also involves the reward and commitment which is focused on facilitating greater commitment of the employees in the organization by providing the employees rewards such as profit sharing, performance related pay, job rotation and family friendly policies (sung, J and Ashton,D.,2002). A survey result on the correlation between the level of HPWP adoption and organizational outcomes by HPWP bundles has shown that the correlation of the three bundles of HPWP working together is positively linked to organizational outcomes and leads to the improvement of organizational performance through the motivation, satisfaction and commitment of staffs, provision of effective communication, teamwork while the correlation of the two bundles the HR and reward and commitment helps in creating a good sense of job security (sung, J and Ashton, D, 2002). Previous case studies derived from samples of companies included in the Sun Times   100 best companies to work for 2004 have demonstrated a good practice in a range of HPWPs and benefits of implementing HRWPs in organizations.   A case study on the Bacardi martini UK which is a successful company known to be a leader and inventor of ready to drink market with the business strategy of managing change and innovation through value based and people culture is a classical example. This company has remained successful through the implementation of HPWPs by creating a series of organizational values to guide, communicate and reward behavior appropriate to team performance. It is not in doubt that a strict adherence to these practices has provided the company with an agile team leading to overall improvements and success of the company. This is evident in improvement of production process efficiency of the company to 4.4 million pounds per year. There was an increment in the service level in warehousing and distribution from 85% to 97% . There was also a reduction of line filler changeover time from 4 hours to 75mins. Elimination of overstock with no failure in delivery on customer order. Reduction in pallet holding from 1.2 million to 457000k pounds and a reduction in the production line packer hangover time from 110minutes to 60 minutes policies (sung, J and Ashton,D.,2002). At this juncture, it is pertinent to acknowledge that PACT is an acronym for productivity, accountability, creativity and teamwork. PACT is another HR strategy implemented in the Bacardi martini UK company which has shaped and organized the processes of recruitment in the company .The strategy is to access the competence of the companies employees in line with the PACT values of the company (sung, J and Ashton,D.,2002).   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Furthermore, a case study on the I -study a digital media agency that has successfully achieved a turnover of 12.3 million pounds and gained the credit and gotten an award in five years as being one of the most innovative digital media company in UK, the companys business strategy is focused on spotting new products and finding out a new approach and building a new industry. The success of this company is fully linked to the implementation of the HR strategies, by the company using the work redesign to remove hierarchy and encourage participation, creativity, communication and a collaborative teamwork and recruitment of effective employees based on personal attributes necessary to win over new business (sung, J and Ashton, D., 2002). Conclusion So far the studies on HRM strategies have shown that its very necessary and important for a business aiming to grow business growth, and the Intergration of the HR strategies into businesses enables business to increase their performance and productivity ,the HR practices play important in every aspect of business that helps in achieving this success ,thus the reward and recognition is directly linked to the motivation of employees which can be linked to a high level of their productivity in the organization, also in terms of training ,the training ,development outsourcing of the right staffs, helps in achieving business success aswell.it will be recommended that every organization wanting to increase the performance of their staffs and productivity should implement both the strategic and operation aspects of the HRM which is where hiring of the a professional HR managers and the line managers play an important role to properly manage these activities in an organization.

The Great Gatsby: The Decline of The American Dream Essay -- The Great

The pursuit of the American Dream has been alive for generations. People from nations all over the world come to America for the chance to achieve this legendary dream of freedom, opportunity, and the â€Å"all American family†. However, in the 1920’s this dream began to take a different form. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s, The Great Gatsby, unfolds what the American Dream really meant during the roaring 20’s. The Great Gatsby tells a story of the affluent Jay Gatsby and his dream of attaining the love of the married Daisy Buchanan. In this novel, Gatsby’s dream of love is unmasked and reviled as a dream of materialistic things. Fitzgerald shows that each character truly glorifies only money, power, and social stature. During the 1920’s, these things were the only thing people dreamt about. The symbolism in The Great Gatsby illustrates how the American Dream became corrupt in the 1920’s. Fitzgerald has an amazing talent to create symbols for things that could be overlooked by any reader such as colors. Every color mentioned has a meaning even if it may not seem it. White and green are the main colors mentioned in the novel. White can often be portrayed as wholesome and innocent. However, in this novel white actually represents the false purity or decency in some of these characters. Daisy Buchanan and Jordan Baker, a friend of Daisy’s, are always seen wearing something white. Daisy and Jordan both seem as if they are sweet and innocent at first, but deep down you see it is only and act and they are truly careless and selfish. Gatsby also wore white on his first meeting with Daisy after five years so that he would appear to be good and pure. The 1920’s also had this way of deception. The fads such as jazz, fashion and art all made the 1920’... ... Gatsby’s dream of winning Daisy embodied the American Dream in the 20’s. Gatsby, as well as everyone in the 20’s, only dreamt of the materialistic in life and it didn’t matter how it was achieved. When talking about Gatsby, Nick says, â€Å"If that was true he must have felt that he had lost the old warm world, paid a high price for living too long with a single dream.† (Fitzgerald 161). This quote explains that it’s sad that one man only had one dream that he paid high prices for and never got it. Fitzgerald shows that in the 1920’s people only had one dream of power no matter what it took, and in the end it was never attained because of the selfishness of their dream. Through Fitzgerald’s symbolism, it is shown that the American Dream in the 1920’s was corrupt and fell apart. Work Cited Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York: Scribner, 2004. Print.

Modern Lifestyle

Phenolic yellowing issues We have been facing yellowing on the fabrics kept at stores,all the test results were passing like PH,Phenolic yellowing,Formaldehyde,Light and BGF but we couldn;t come to an solution . Hence we have finally kept the fabric exposed in sunlight for a day and found that it has totally became yellow in the exposed area. So please advise whether the fabric stored can be wrapped with a opaque cover and also in the dark room to avoid the issue. 1 month ago * Close viewer * Like * Comment * Follow * Flag * Flag as Promotion * Flag as Job * Flag as Inappropriate * More Reply Privately Suresh Kumar, Marco Premoli like this You, Suresh Kumar, Marco Premoli like this 21 comments †¢ Jump to most recent comments SureshUnfollow Follow Suresh Suresh Kumar †¢ Your fabric is definately containing some chemicals and its Ph is not neutra. ; The test done by you is not correct. You may send your fabric sample to our lab for correct test and evaluation. We can definate ly suggest a solution. Dyetech Consultants ( Testing Lab Division} 98 Ind Area A Ludhiana. PH 08528806039, India 1 month ago †¢ Unlike †¢ Like * †¢ Reply privately * †¢ Flag as inappropriate * †¢ Flag as promotion ShaileshUnfollow Follow Shailesh Shailesh Shah †¢ what kind of fabric, Is it 100% cotton or other blend? 1 month ago †¢ Unlike †¢ Like * †¢ Reply privately * †¢ Flag as inappropriate * †¢ Flag as promotion 0 DanUnfollow Follow Dan Dan Koshak '50 †¢ Check your softeners used 1 month ago †¢ Unlike †¢ Like * †¢ Reply privately * †¢ Flag as inappropriate * †¢ Flag as promotion 0 JayakumarUnfollow Follow Jayakumar Jayakumar Gopalakrishnan †¢ The possibilitiess are 2. 1. The store illuminant is damaging the OBA , Fluorescent illuminants contain UV and can be quite damaging, especially the new CFL lamps. 2.The fabric was not neutralized properly, the ISO pH test does not show up bad neutrali zation as well as the AATCC tests does. We have done several correlations and have sufficient data to prove this. Most mills will check the last bath water and fabric surface for pH , they dont use the correct method to calculate the acid/buffer required to neutralize the fabric ( PKa PKb) , and hence may have unloaded at 6 or 6. 5, but the Alkali in the core would first come out when squeezed in the Padder and will form salts with the cationic softener, which can be checked by scoring the fabric and checking for white lines.Further on storage this alkali damages the OBA and causes yellowing. If the yellow is lemon then it is phenolic if it is a redder yellow or what is called Golden than it is alkaline. One must also factor for the volatility of Acetic aci if that was used for neutralizing. 1 month ago †¢ Unlike †¢ Like * †¢ Reply privately * †¢ Flag as inappropriate * †¢ Flag as promotion 1 AbhishekUnfollow Follow Abhishek Abhishek Jadhav †¢ 1) Dear G anesh I will just ask you to check core pH of your fabric after Application of OBA. for Core pH just boiled a piece of fabric at 98 C for 30 min in distilled water.Allow the solution to cool. Check the pH with the calibrated pH meter. 2) Now if you find your core pH to be highly acidic , I will suggest you to used a Sera Con M-TC from DyStar during your neutralization stage , which is a buffer. Thus even if the pH is not neutralized completely M-TC will not allow the alkaline pH of fabric to change beyond 6-6. 5. 3) Even after then if you faced phenolic yellowing problem, there is anti yellowing agent namely sera protect N-APY from Dystar. Just pad the fabric and your yellowing problem would be solved.In case of any further support kindly contact me † jadhav. [email  protected] com† 1 month ago †¢ Unlike †¢ Like * †¢ Reply privately * †¢ Flag as inappropriate * †¢ Flag as promotion 0 JayakumarUnfollow Follow Jayakumar Jayakumar Gopalakrishnan à ¢â‚¬ ¢ I disagree with the boil at 98 Deg for 30 mins statement, unless you are pressure cooking it where the boiling point of water will be lower . At 1 Atm 100 Deg is the boiling point for water . 1. mins is too long and will case several changes that will give erroneous results. 10 mins is sufficient. Please see AATCC TM 81 for correct procedure.My silence on the use of some special chemicals mentioned does not amount to my accepting these I have no knowledge on the use of these chemicals to make a comment. 1 month ago †¢ Unlike †¢ Like * †¢ Reply privately * †¢ Flag as inappropriate * †¢ Flag as promotion 0 SureshUnfollow Follow Suresh Suresh Kumar †¢ Dear Jaaya Kumar I agree with you. In normal conditions, 90 Degree c and 10 Mts is o. k. But if we want 60 degree colour fastness to washing and zero shrinkage, in addition to Ph Neutral,then 30 Mts recommended by me. Regards. 1 month ago †¢ Unlike †¢ Like †¢ Reply privately * †¢ Fl ag as inappropriate * †¢ Flag as promotion 0 KATHIRVELMURUGANUnfollow Follow KATHIRVELMURUGAN KATHIRVELMURUGAN RAMAKRISHNAN †¢ Drop me your requirements. We have solutions for it and we have done it at numerous customer locations. Mail me at [email  protected] com 19 days ago †¢ Unlike †¢ Like * †¢ Reply privately * †¢ Flag as inappropriate * †¢ Flag as promotion 0 sUnfollow Follow s s Madiwale †¢ Jaya kumar is absolutely right 18 days ago †¢ Unlike †¢ Like * †¢ Reply privately * †¢ Flag as inappropriate * †¢ Flag as promotion 0 AminUnfollow Follow AminAmin Khoja †¢ The theory of phenolic yellowing is as mentioned below :- Oxides of nitrogen are generated in warehouses/households from direct heating systems or from automobile emissions in the urban environment. Neither the oxides of nitrogen nor the phenolic compounds by themselves cause yellowing, but when united, form the yellowing products. The Butylated Hydr oxyl Toluene OR the phenolic derivatives of lignin from the packing materials migrate to the surface and get transferred to the textile material, which in turn, when exposed to the oxides of nitrogen in the ambient atmosphere, cause yellowing.Practically, Phenolic yellowing can be prevented by the following methods: [1] Avoidance of phenolic antioxidants and stabilizers in the packaging materials or in the synthetic polymer fibres used in the blends [2] keep the finished textiles at a slightly acidic pH (neutralization with specialty acids). Selection of Core-neutralising agent is important as, it should not contain mineral acid content. [3] Better to Avoid exposure to oxides of nitrogen pollution by different practices of storages condition 17 days ago †¢ Unlike †¢ Like * †¢ Reply privately * †¢ Flag as inappropriate * †¢ Flag as promotion AminUnfollow Follow Amin Amin Khoja †¢ Dear Mr. Jayakumar, This is in ref. to your comment related to boiling poin t of water i. e. when you pressure cook it than boiling point of water is lower. When we pressure cook the water the boiling point of water will go up or down? as per my information read from book of textile printing by L. W. C. Miles, 5 psi pressure on water will make boiling point of water around 108*C, 10 psi pressure on water will make boiling point of water around 115*C and so on. i. e. saturated steam will be generated at concerned pressure due to hick of boiling point. ecause, definition of saturated steam says that the steam which is generated at boiling point is to be known as saturated steam. Kindly correct me if, i am wrong. 17 days ago †¢ Unlike †¢ Like * †¢ Reply privately * †¢ Flag as inappropriate * †¢ Flag as promotion 0 ARUN KUMARUnfollow Follow ARUN KUMAR ARUN KUMAR WALIA †¢ Kindly do let me know the following things so that I can let you know the cuases of yellowing :- 1. The fabric of which you are talking is made from which yarn. 2. Where in the process you are using Phenol. 3. Is yellowing occuring during processing or after complete processing. . If after complete processing then after much period. 5. What are the atmospheric conditions viz. Temp. , RH etc. under which yellowing is occuring. You just let me know these then I hope we will be in a position to resolve the issue , Arun Kumar walia 17 days ago †¢ Unlike †¢ Like * †¢ Reply privately * †¢ Flag as inappropriate * †¢ Flag as promotion 0 ZahidUnfollow Follow Zahid Zahid Akhter †¢ Dear I have a OBA which cover all such problem if any body need please call 00923004200236 Zahid 16 days ago †¢ Unlike †¢ Like * †¢ Reply privately * †¢ Flag as inappropriate †¢ Flag as promotion 0 DaveUnfollow Follow Dave Dave Ducker †¢ Sorry for joining this discussion late, it is of interest that I see so many â€Å"wonder† products availble to prevent this from happening, but unless messages have been flyi ng back and forth directly there is no information with regards to what fabric this is 100% cotton? what colour and or colours are affected? what is the fabric dyed with? reactives, vats, directs? others? when testing was the fabric exposed to the sunlight whilst still in the packaging or removed from the packaging? omplete chemical exposure of the fabric, process and finishing conditions and recipes? core pH's? if using acetic acid think about using citric, chemical make up of the packaging? there are many different possibilities where it is coming from. If a logical step by step approach is adopted you will find the answer. If you require more info feel free to contact me direct. Regards, 16 days ago †¢ Unlike †¢ Like * †¢ Reply privately * †¢ Flag as inappropriate * †¢ Flag as promotion 1 ShaileshUnfollow Follow Shailesh Shailesh Shah †¢ Dave is exactly right without knowing chemical system, Machine, procedures , packing etc.There was discussion abou t phenolic test and I mention that Need to evaluate each and every step and then find solution this is very common problem and solve easily. I have done lots of fabric whit fabric for 100% polyester to 100% cotton and also blend Nylon/cotton etc for several customer like Nike,Adidas,Tommy, columbia sports etc. 16 days ago †¢ Unlike †¢ Like * †¢ Reply privately * †¢ Flag as inappropriate * †¢ Flag as promotion 0 SueUnfollow Follow Sue Sue Bolton †¢ is the fabic treated with OBA? it is known that the OBA degrades to yellow on exposure to light perhaps at ISO 105 B02 standard 1, then on further exposure this yellowing fades. ry assessing for light and examin at 30 min intervals 15 days ago †¢ Unlike †¢ Like * †¢ Reply privately * †¢ Flag as inappropriate * †¢ Flag as promotion 0 PalanisamyUnfollow Follow Palanisamy Palanisamy Krishnan †¢ Dear Ganesh pls send us for testing†¦. 14 days ago †¢ Unlike †¢ Like * â₠¬ ¢ Reply privately * †¢ Flag as inappropriate * †¢ Flag as promotion 0 PoongodirajanUnfollow Follow Poongodirajan Poongodirajan Ramasamy †¢ dear ganesh, use the BHT(Butyl Hydroxyl Toulene) free polybags to store the products to avoid such issues 11 days ago †¢ Unlike †¢ Like * †¢ Reply privately †¢ Flag as inappropriate * †¢ Flag as promotion 1 ShahidUnfollow Follow Shahid Shahid Iqbal †¢ In addition to the comments regarding bags and pH, please check the softener as well. Use only silicon softeners. Follow the following steps. 1. Follow the full bleaching process (peroxide bleaching with OBA). Maintain the whiteness degree 20 more then your requirement. 2. Use silicon softener only in the finishing process†¦ Silicon softeners will lower down your whiteness but since you already have a higher degree of whiteness this would be no problem at all.

Document Analysis of John Brown’s Address to the Virginia Court

John Brown’s address to the Virginia Court Origin: The address given by John Brown to the Virginia court was his final words before execution on charges of treason. The charges were given because of a raid that he directed with the intent to take federal weapons which is an act of treason. On October 16th-18th, 1859, the radical abolitionist John Brown led a group of white and black men, including two of his sons, on Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Brown’s goal was to seize the federal arsenal, arm the local slaves, and fight a way into the North as described in this primary source in court.This raid was not surprising because of his abolitionist background and insanity as described by the Robert E. Lee who led the Union Army that suppressed the revolt. The group held up in a fire department and was attacked by Lee’s soldiers. The failed attempt resulted in Brown’s capture, trial, and execution on December 2nd. This episode of slave resistance was the last major rebellion contributing to the secession of the South and, eventually, the Civil War. Purpose: John Brown had a a few purpose for delivering this address.Obviously, it was given in response to charges accumulated from the raid, and the address also makes several points explaining his defense. Brown stated that he did not intend to fire a single gun but wanted simply to take slaves from plantations and lead them to northern states or Canada. Brown also stated that he did not induce the others involved in the raid to join him which lessened his crime in his mind. To the charges he addressed, â€Å"I never did intend murder, or treason, or the destruction of property, or to excite or incite slaves to rebellion, or to make insurrection.Though he denied the charges, one can infer that Brown really did want a slave uprising to occur in the South due to his strong abolitionist morals and beliefs. If the raid were to be successful, Brown would not stop with those slaves, but rather continue his forced manumission of the South. Brown’s impression of the trial was one of satisfaction, but he argued that â€Å"it is unjust that I should suffer such a penalty [of death]. † He made this argument because his intent was not to start this uprising but, instead, to be an act of defiance that he knew would indirectly cause a mass insurrection in the South.Value: John Brown’s address is not a historical landmark and was a less significant historical document that had minimal aftermath; however, it provides a specific example of responses in court giving insight into how acts of slave resistance are dealt with legally. Brown gives this document a unique texture because of his eloquence in court compared with his savagery in the raid. Overall, he is given the status of a martyr with his words: â€Å"I submit [to death]: so let it be done! † Brown reveals a very different side of his personality in which he is a dignified martyr.He predicts that slavery will never end peacefully in the country whose â€Å"rights are disregarded by wicked, cruel, and unjust enactments†. Historians can use this document today to show people strong in their beliefs who act upon them, and although some failed in their efforts, their cause was strengthened. Limitations: The address made by John Brown contains several limitations that affect its credit as a historical source. A significant limiting factor is that there is only one opinion to explain the raid. Brown had a biased opinion mainly because of his childhood having been greatly influenced with abolitionist morals and beliefs.One would think that Brown’s address would be biased in spite of his numerous accusations, but he speaks as if he had nothing to lose. The aiding and abetting criminals in the raid would not have delivered a speech as dignified and passionate as Brown’s but would obviously be similar in their renditions of the event. To fully understand Brown’s ra id, historians would need to consult Robert E. Lee’s notes. After viewing both sides of the story, a historian can either choose a side or make an inference that incorporates both.

Bank of the Philippine Islands

BANK OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS Bank of the Philippine Islands (BPI) is that country's second-largest bank, trailing only Metropolitan Bank ; Trust. It is also the Philippines' oldest bank and one of the oldest of all Asian banks. BPI offers a full range of commercial and retail financial services, including corporate finance services, asset management, and brokerage and other financial consulting services.BPI's retail network includes more than 700 branches throughout the Philippines, as well as branches in New York, Hong Kong, and Tokyo. The bank also operates a network of more than 1,200 automated teller machines and more than 8,500 retailer-based point-of-sale machines. In 1999, BPI pioneered online banking in the Philippines with the launch of online bank BPI Direct in 1999.In addition to its banking products and services, BPI has also developed a strong non-life insurance operation, chiefly under subsidiary BPI/MS Insurance Corporation. Listed on the Philippines Stock Exchange, BPI has long been majority controlled by Philippines conglomerate Ayala Corporation. * leader in electronic banking, having introduced most of the firsts in the industry, such as: * automated teller machines (ATMs), * a point-of-sale debit system * kiosk banking * phone banking internet banking * mobile banking * owned by the Ayala Corporation Business Evolution * post World War II era, BPI evolved from a purely commercial bank to a fully diversified universal bank * accomplished mainly through mergers and acquisitions in the eighties when it absorbed an investment house, a stockbrokerage company, a leasing company, a savings bank, and a retail finance company * Since the late 1990s – consummated three bank mergers * 1996 – merged with City Trust Banking Corporation 2000 * consummated the biggest merger then in the banking industry when it merged with the former Far East Bank ; Trust Company (FEBTC) * formalized its acquisition of three major insurance companies in the life, non-life and reinsurance fields * 2005 – acquired and merged with Prudential Bank MERGERS April 2007 – Bank of the Philippine Islands (Europe) Plc * October 2008 – BPI, Ayala Corporation and Globe Telecom signed a Memorandum of Agreement to form the country’s first mobile microfinance bank * 2009 – entered into a strategic bancassurance partnership with The Philippine American Life Insurance Company (Philamlife) to form BPI-Philam Life Assurance Corp Principal Subsidiaries * BPI Family Savings Bank, Inc. * BPI Capital Corporation * BPI Leasing Corporation * BPI Direct Savings Bank * BPI International Finance Limited, Hong Kong BPI Express Remittance Corporation * Bank of the Philippine Island (Europe) Plc, * Ayala Plans, Inc. * BPI/MS1 Insurance Corporation Reasons Of merger * Jaime Augusto Zobel de Ayala, BPI’s Chairman, said the purchase would further â€Å"enhance† the operations of BPI with increased or widened network. * N ew incentive package by BSP with respect to mergers and acquisitions * BPI has been on the lookout for some good acquisitions in order to bolster its position as a rising regional financial powerhouse. The merger is seen to offer a good strategic fit to BPI in penetrating the attractive customer segment of Prudential composed mostly of middle market entrepreneurs. * With the merger, BPI will solidify its position as the country’s second largest bank with combined assets totaling P456. 09 billion. * BPI expects to gain at least 200,000 new accounts with the acquisition. BPI and FAR EAST BANK TRUST COMPANY MERGER The majority stockholders of the Bank of Philippine Islands (BPI) and Far East Bank and Trust Co. FEBTC) approved the merger of the two banks, making the combined entity the 10th largest financial institution in the region with over $3. 5 billion in capital. The merger catapulted BPI/FEBTC as the country's largest bank, accounting for 14 percent of the entire banking i ndustry's total resources with combined  assets of P372. 4 billion. The merged institution will also have the largest branch network of 680. BPI president Xavier Loinaz, in an interview, said they expect the integration of the two banks to be firmed up by the end of March this year. We think that by end of March this year, they (merger process) would be falling into place,† Loinaz said, when asked about the merger timetable. FEBTC president Octavio Espiritu assured FEBTC employees that they will work out ways to thresh out remaining issues regarding the merger particularly the possible massive displacement of FEBTC personnel. While they are finalizing the integration, both Loinaz and Espiritu said the performance of their respective banks in 1999 was relatively â€Å"flat†. â€Å"We haven't seen any growth for the year, pretty much the same level as last year.Loans are flat for 1999,† Loinaz said, adding that BPI's bottomline was also â€Å"flat†. The sa me thing with FEBTC, Espiritu said the bank's income was down due to loans provisioning amounting to about P2 billion for the year. This year, Loinaz said they are still waiting for the economy to turn around. â€Å"Last year was quite disappointing. We showed a slight drop in (bottomline) the previous year,† he added. Loinaz said they do not expect â€Å"too much† from the first year of merger of BPI and FEBTC.But, he informed the stockholder that for 2000, the pro-forma projected earnings per share for the merged bank would be 5. 37 percent, 6. 31 percent in 2001 and 6. 79 percent in 2001. Based on BPI's closing price on Oct. 20, 1999, the day that the merger agreement was signed and announced, the exchange ratio represented an implied value of P82. 50 per FEBTC share or an implied premium of 18 percent to FEBTC's closing price on that day. According to Loinaz, they look forward to working with DBS Bank which now owns about 20 percent of the merged bank. DBS Bank is the second largest bank in the region.

The Evolutionary Development of Adaptive Radiations Essay

The Evolutionary Development of Adaptive Radiations - Essay Example The Galapagos Islands and the Hawaiian Islands are among places where adaptive radiations and convergence are noticed because these islands are relatively new than most Mainland and have radically different ecology and environmental niches. Wilson in his book the Diversity of Life, says that the 10,000 species of insects that now inhabit the Hawaiian islands have originated from a mere 400 species owing to adaptive radiation. In his book we find one of the best examples of adaptive radiation in the Hawaii’s. The Islands itself has different biodiversity and environment and genus Caconemobius have adapted themselves to different ecological niches in the same island. Some have left land existence and have become partial marine and live in boulders, another population of the same genus is blind and live in dark caves and yet another population of the same genus lives on lava flows. This shows that the different population of the genus adapted to the new environment and developed a whole new niche for themselves and gave rise to a new species.Cocos juvenile finches have the tendency to imitate feeding habits of warblers and sandpiper birds hence this is an embryonic state of radiation. If circumstances allow radiation Cocos finches will also meet adaptive evolution in the coming times.Another more livid example of adaptive evolution is the Lake Victoria cichlids. A study of these cichlids reveals the changes in each species and reveals the steps in adaptive evolution owing of changes in their environment.

Skills Available For Acquisition and Career Building Strategies in Case Study

Skills Available For Acquisition and Career Building Strategies in Directing a Film - Case Study Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that directing film entails different aspects but all the aspects result in an action that makes the audience realize that a video is actually out for viewing. Elliott asserts that for a film director to reach his or her prime objective, he or she must have come from a long way just as far as from script cutting room all the way to the climax. There are number pathways how someone can become a film director for example; a person may start as screenwriter, actor or film editor. Film directors are such responsible individuals who need to facilitate the differences in film budget limit and the vision of the career. There is number of roles expected from a film director. The directing film assumes different approach and with regard to this, directors give a general outline of the film and letting the actors improvise the dialogue. Other directors are in control of every aspect where they demand the crew and actors to follow all their instructions accurately. Other film directors write the screenplay or edit their film and appear in their film as well. The researcher has thought of directing a film at one point or another. The researcher watched a great movie and believed he could do much better in one of his own films. The author choses this career because it is his passion career because telling a story as well as learning how to construct a movie has been one of the achievements the researcher has always wanted to attain in visual arts and film studies as a whole. Unlike the general trend in film direction, most of the new generation directors are young. In addition, unlike in the ancient time, filmmaking is both artistic and commercial venture.

What do moral panics concerning youth tell us about Victorian Society Essay

What do moral panics concerning youth tell us about Victorian Society - Essay Example There are also significant criticisms against the shams and fake morality of the period which is suggested by the phrase the Victorian morality. The realities concerning prostitutes and other moral evils of the period also help one realize the true nature of the Victorian society. However, the period is more important for the development of a new youth culture and British youth movements which gave priority to new codes of conduct and rules of living. Therefore, the values of the Victorian society are closely associated with the youth culture, popular music and the moral panics concerning the youth. The youth culture of the Victorian society was also connected with the class system and youth movements of the period. In an investigation of the sociological history of the Victorian Britain, one comes to comprehend the factors which contributed to youth culture and moral panics concerning youth in the period. Moral panic concerning youth has become a major topic in the modern times, tho ugh it was started in the Victorian period. â€Å"It is widely acknowledged that this is the age of the moral panic†¦ In one sense moral panics are nothing new. For a century and more there have been panics over crime, and the activities of ‘youth’ in particular have often been presented as potentially immoral and a threat to the established way of life.† (Thompson, 1) Therefore, moral panics concerning youth in the Victorian period have been a central topic of discussion in the sociological perspective of history and this paper undertakes a reflective analysis of the youth culture, music, and moral panics concerning youth in the Victorian Britain from the point of view of history. In the modern studies on moral panics, no other age group is more closely linked with it than the youth and the Victorian Society’s concern for the moral panics among the youth is often

1 What is the principle of liberty Summarize John Stuart Mills Essay

1 What is the principle of liberty Summarize John Stuart Mills arguments in favour of the principle of liberty. 2 What are Isaiah Berlins two liberties How are they different 3 Why mig - Essay Example Positive liberty may be defined as the freedom of one who governs or be his own master in the society. Both liberties can be differentiated in two major forms. The first â€Å"self abnegation in order to attain independence† and the second form the â€Å"self identification with specific principle† (Berlin, 1958, p.10). According to libertarians the owners of a particular property should receive full right to enjoy their own properties. They do not support the other types of controls such as â€Å"wages, prices, rents, profit, and interest rates† to achieve political goals (Libertarian Party Platform, 2012, p.4). Berlin would suggest a reform of maximizing taxes to remove other taxes as well as add capital gains and dividends as preferred ones. In simple words, he would support a simple and fairer tax system. Public displays of affection between two people from the same country can be viewed as normal, depending on the culture of the particular country. Displaying posters such as same sex marriage should be discouraged as it may â€Å"reduce marriage to a friendship† (Same Sex Marriage Advocates are Far too Spiritual, 2011, par.2). Marriage means more than a friendship. No matter how close two friends are, they cannot become one flesh and marriage takes the relationship to another level. Thus, a man can have many friends, but only one wife. Everyone has the â€Å"right to express† and the freedom to receive ideas without any interference of the public (Judge Yamali, n.d. p.4). The freedom of speech is very essential and it is the primary right of every citizen. Without freedom to speak there would be no political action and no opposition to injustice. For example, in Handy Side Vs United Kingdom the court has ruled that â€Å"Freedom of expression (is the) essential foundations of a society† (p.5). There are a number of convention rights to be considered by an institution before admission. These include the

Managerial Final Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Managerial Final Exam - Essay Example If the interest rate is increased from 5% to 7%, and the interest is paid annually, the amount that will be earned after 5 years will be more than the amount that was earned at the rate of 5%. This is because there are more proceeds from the increased interest rate as compared to when the interest rate is reduced. Therefore the amount realized after 5 years will be $14,025.52 and $19,671.51 after 10 years as explained above. 21. For this bond, at 5% interest, the value will be $813.53. this value will keep increasing as the interest rate decreases, this is because, during the calculations, increase in the interest rate tries to minimize the total value that is achieved at the end of the calculation. Therefore, at 4% interest, the value will increase to 4851.927 and $935.731 at 2% interest rate. 22. One would definitely go for an investment that pays 30% after 5 years than go for one that costs 0.5% per month after 5 years. This is because the it is better foe an interest rate to that matures after a long period of time since the cumulated earnings to be paid will be more than if the interest were small and is only paid

Deer Hunt Essay Example for Free

Deer Hunt Essay It is 5:30 am on opening morning of deer hunting season and my alarm explodes into a racket that would wake an army. I roll out of bed and rub the sleep from my eyes. I only slept six hours last night because my family and I were preparing for the hunt, getting the guns ready and laying out our orange clothes. As I begin to get dressed, the smell of fresh pancakes wakes me up. It is at this time I realize the season is upon us. Since January I have been waiting for this day to come. Today begins the annual nine day season that brings our family together each November. After stumbling down upstairs I go to the computer and turn on Da Yoopers’ â€Å"Da Turdy Point Buck†, the song our family must listen to before we head out the door and into the woods. With the song blaring through the house, I walk into my brother’s room, turn the lights on, rip the covers from his bed, and narrowly escape a swift kick from his leg. After a breakfast of pancakes my brother and I jump into his truck and head for the hills. We own 120 acres three miles from the house, so we must drive to our destination. Any other morning there would be no vehicles on the road, but this particular morning we pass about ten other trucks all taking their passengers to their particular hunting spots. Three inches of fresh snow fell last night, creating a blanket of freshness that reflects the last rays of moonlight. As we drive into our property we see fresh deer tracks and my heart starts pumping, I have been away from Minnesota for a few months and this morning is the first time I entered these woods since September. A few hundred yards into the woods we see three dear walking the road. They bound off into the darkness in flashes of brown silhouetted by snow. We park the truck and before we shut the engine off Jimmy tells me we will sit until 9:00, then I will walk to where he is sitting, and we will go home. We shut the engine off and do not speak again, for any human noise made will be heard by deer within a quarter mile. Trying to make as little noise as possible I walk to where I will sit. Along the way, I creep over a hill and see four deer. Immediately upon seeing me they streak through the trees; I stop and listen to their feet pounding into the earth, and realize there are many deer in the area and my chances of seeing a deer while sitting will be very good. After 15 minutes of sneaking through the oak and maple trees I find the tree I will sit in. My father set the stand in the tree a few weeks before my arrival. I crawl up and as I sit down it is just getting light in the east. I sit and wait. As it gets lighter and lighter I wait for the first gun-shots of the season, and sure enough, POW. The season has begun. I watch the morning pass by, an occasional raven flies by calling to its family, and all of a sudden something catches my eye. I look to the south and over the top of the hill comes a deer, my first deer of the season. I watch and realize it is a fawn; it is this year’s baby and is bounding over fallen trees and around trees. Right behind is it’s mother, they are running, probably frightened by some other hunter. I sit and watch these two deer trot right by my stand. Then for some unknown reason they stop thirty yards from where I am sitting totally unaware of my presence. They stand there totally alert, occasionally looking from where they came, their coats full of warm brown hair that will protect them from the harsh winter that awaits them. I watch them and I am part of the woods, I have become part of the tree for that moment. After a few moments the doe and fawn bounce away, into the unknown. I spend the next hour watching the woods for movement, looking for the slightest movement that will indicate the presence of some animal, maybe a deer walking through the woods feeding, or maybe a squirrel on its never-ending hunt for food. At 8:45 I get up and walk to my brother, the cold weather has found its way into my body through my many layers of clothes. I walk ever so silently hoping to find a deer over the hill, grazing in the field. I see nothing but when I get to my brother he tells me I drove five deer past his stand. We walk back to the truck and head for home, we didn’t shoot anything this morning but the hunt was a success, we both saw many deer and we were in the woods during the most beautiful part of the day. As we drove through the woods towards home I am totally content, there is nothing more I could have right now, the experience of being in the woods, and my family.

Sexual Selection and Human Evolution Theories

Sexual Selection and Human Evolution Theories Miller, G.F. A review of sexual selection and human evolution: How mate choice shaped human nature Natural selection shapes species to adapt to their environments and arises from individual differences in survival ability- cannot favour ornamental traits that decrease survivorship. However, it is not sufficient to account for male traits such as peacocks tail that do not enhance survivorship but rather jeopardize it. Darwin argued that in species with sexual reproduction traits that improved ones chances in mate competition were selected for regardless of their negative effects for survival. Furthermore, Darwin emphasized the importance of female choice and male competition within the sexual selection because the former evokes the latter. However, Darwin does not investigate the origins of female preference (Ridley, M). Sexual selection was neglected for a long time because it implied the major evolutionary importance of female choice and it was not well accepted by the contemporaries of Darwin. Darwin: evolution is differential reproduction rather than differential reproduction. Novel concept. Hard to do mathematical analysis. Alfred Russell Wallace who wrote about natural selection at the same time with Darwin believed that exaggerated male ornaments and traits did not have an adaptive purpose and did not result from female choice but from good health and genes that allowed males to spend resources on display. He suggested that females are under stronger natural selection to have less ornamentation to avoid attention from predators because they spend lot of time near their offspring (Miller, 2000). Fisher (1930) believed that mate selection criteria were biological and thus, under natural selection. He suggested that male sexual ornaments served as indicators of high fitness and good genetic quality and would be selected by females (Miller, 2000). Furthermore, he coined the term runaway sexual selection, which suggests an evolutionary feedback mechanism where female preferences reinforce and perpetuate the traits selected for in males. In the case of runaway selection females choose to mate with males who display a certain trait, subsequently, it will be passed on to the offspring who will then have the trait that makes them more attractive mates. This ultimately leads to phenomenon such as peacocks tail. In Fishers model the male trait was not deleterious at the start but with females preferring a particular characteristic it passed its optimum cost-benefit ratio, and ultimately, costly traits arise as the outcome of runaway sexual selection (Ridley). Zahavi. Trivers (1972) was the first to explain the different intensity of sexual selection in males and females through unequal amount of parental investment. The production of gametes is more costly and time-consuming than that of sperm. Also, females invest more resources into offspring, therefore, they must be choosy and by mating with high-quality male they enhance the quality of their offspring. Since the number of available females limits male reproduction success males have to court and compete for the females. Trivers suggested that the level of competition among males is correlated with the imbalance of parental investment. For example, there is a great difference in body size between male and female elephant seals where one male can guard 40 females, resulting in strong male-male competition. (Le Boeuf, 1974). Trivers theory can be applied to bird species like pharalorpes and wading birds where it is the females who are bigger, more colourful and aggressive compete with each other for males and males take care of the offspring (Jenni, 1974). Importance of sexual selection theory: it was disregarded for the most part of 20th century and many science and humanities subjects were advanced without taking sexual selection into account, thus, many theories may need to be revised. Ridley, M., 1993, Evolution, Ch12 Adaptations in sexual reproduction Traits that reduce survivorship are deleterious and are mainly present in males as secondary sexual characteristics that are not actually necessary for reproduction; however, they may give an advantage in mate competition with other males. The most famous example of secondary sexual characteristics is peacocks tail but also colourful plumage of birds, big antlers in elks etc. Although these traits are costly they have not been eliminated by natural selection. Darwins sexual selection theory suggests that the disadvantages in having elaborate secondary sexual characteristics are evened out because they convey a benefit in gaining access to females and increasing reproductive success. Darwin distributes sexual selection into two categories: male competition and female choice. Darwin argued that secondary sexual characteristics would be more developed in polygamous species where typically one male mates with several females because the selection for male traits that enhance reproduction will be greater. He provided evidence for sexual selection by comparing polygamous and monogamous species and showed that in the former males tend to have brighter colouring, ornaments and larger bodies whereas in the latter males and females differ less. Another theory that tries to explain mate choice criteria is Zahavis handicap theory (Zahavi, 1975). According to this, only males with good genes can survive with a handicapping trait, such as peacocks tail and females will prefer to mate with them. Selection will favour males with handicap traits if their good genes outweigh the cost of the trait. The high cost of handicapping character makes it an honest indicator of males quality. In his model the preferred male trait was costly to begin with and the expense did not change as the trait became more desired in females. Archer,J, Lloyd, B, 2002, Sex and gender, Ch 3 Origins Sexual selection entails female choice and females should choose mates according to their ability to provide the female and her offspring with resources and protection. Buss (1989) studied human mate preferences in 37 cultures and concluded that there is a strong trend for females valuing mates with greater financial capacity, ambition and sense of entrepreneurship. Archer and Lloyd suggest that this is consistent with Triverss theory where females are interested in finding a partner who would be able to invest more parental care into offspring by providing resources. Males preferred physical attractiveness and youth, which are traits correlated with reproductive capacity (Buss, 1989). Miller, G.F., 2000, The mating mind: How sexual choice shaped the evolution of human nature Darwin became interested in different animal ornamentation that he encountered on his around-the-world-trip on the board of the Beagle. In 1871 he published The decent of man, and selection in relation to sex where amongst other topics he wrote about sexual selection. Sexual selection shapes each sex in relation to the other sex. Many of Darwins ideas were attacked but after a century it was rediscovered. Dawkins, R., 1989, The selfish gene, Battle of the sexes One of the main female strategies of reproduction is that instead of expecting help from the male to raise the offspring the female prefers good genes instead. If a female can detect good quality males by using visual cues than her offspring will receive on better genetic material. By doing so the likelihood of her genes to survive increases too. Emlen, S.T., Oring, L.W., 1977, Ecology, sexual selection and the evolution of mating systems Environmental factors affect the development of mating systems and ultimately the intensity of sexual selection. Fitness is a measure for individuals reproductive success in relation to that of other individuals. Male reproductive success is limited by the access to females, whereas female reproductive success is determined by the available resources. Subsequently, if females limit the reproduction of males then the competition and sexual selection will intensify in males. The ability of a male to protect territory or other resources attracts more females and causes differences in the mating success of other males. The presence of polygamous and monogamous mating systems depends on environmental factors such as the availability of receptive mates and the distribution of resources in time and space, which affects their defensibility. Polygamy is more common in species where one sex is does not invest parental care, and thus, can spend time and energy on defending resources and competi ng for mates. Emlen and Oring (1977) suggest that sexual selection is stronger in polygamous species than in monogamous species. They point out that the more one sex manages to monopolize resources the stronger becomes sexual selection and the more likely is the development of polygamous mating system. Moreover, the mating system can differ between populations of the same species due to variations in environmental setting, population structure and density, amount and distribution of resources that all change the potential of monopolization. Andersson, M., Iwasa, Y., 1996, Sexual selection Sexual selection occurs through competition over mates, which is also the underlying factor of different mechanisms of sexual selection. Andersson and Iwasa (1996) list these different mechanisms: firstly, female and male choice of mate that has been demonstrated in numerous studies acts to favour traits that attract mates from the opposite sex; secondly, contests that can take the form of direct fighting and favour traits such as large body size, physical stamina, weaponry and other characteristics that enhance fighting ability in the competing sex; thirdly, endurance rivalry that promotes traits to retain reproductive activeness for longer to increase the possibility of mating. Furthermore, they also suggest scramble competition that promotes traits that help in finding the mate before others, such as earlier maturation or better locomotion skills. In addition, other mechanisms are infanticide, coercion and sperm competition. As Andersson and Iwasa (1996) point out, the majority of research has concerned mate choice and mate competition, whereas other mechanisms of sexual selection remain poorly examined. Owens and Thompson (1994) suggest that optimal mate choice is a trade-off between the number of mates and their quality. They argue that both males and females can be picky; however, the selection will be greater in the sex with higher reproductive rate. Batemans gradient explains the differential intensity of sexual selection in males and females. In his studies with Drosophila, Bateman showed that sexual selection is typically stronger in males because the number of offspring fathered by a male increases proportionally with the number of males, whereas the number of offspring remains the same for the female regardless of the amount of males she mates. Male secondary sexual characteristics may become more pronounced if they increase their reproductive success, although if it reduces the overall viability. The costs of these characteristics include higher threat of predation; large bodies pose higher energetic demands and increase the likelihood of starvation during the growth period; competition may lead to injuries and death. Thus, the extent of secondary sexual characteristics is limited by their costliness and by sexual selection itself if one favoured trait starts to compromise another selected trait. Sexual selection affects the genetic make-up of the offspring and thus, is an important factor in evolution. It is currently very difficult to discriminate between the different mechanisms of sexual selection and their importance.